A turbine section of a turbomachine includes a housing that houses and supports the rotating group for rotation about an axis. The housing defines a circumferential inlet passage that extends about the axis. The housing defines a turbine wheel upstream area that is disposed downstream of the circumferential inlet passage and upstream of the turbine wheel. The housing defines an outlet that is downstream of the turbine wheel. Furthermore, the turbine section includes a first flow path that extends from the circumferential inlet passage, through the turbine wheel upstream area, across the turbine wheel, to the outlet. Moreover, the turbine section includes a recirculation flow path that extends from the circumferential inlet passage, through the turbine wheel upstream area, and back to the circumferential inlet passage.

The present disclosure provides a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell system and a method for controlling a fuel cell stack, which can reduce obstruction of reactive gas fluid channels caused by freezing of retained water, while allowing size to be reduced. The fuel cell stack of the disclosure comprises water storage units that are formed between every two adjacent fuel cell unit cells, surrounded by the adjacent separators, the wall members and the gaskets, and that communicate with the reactive gas discharge manifold via the gaps of the wall members. The fuel cell system of the disclosure controls either or both the valve and compressor in a reactive gas supply channel and/or the valve in a reactive gas discharge channel, to cause liquid water retained in the water storage units to be discharged out of the fuel cell stack. The controlling method of the disclosure includes reducing the pressure in and scavenging the interior of the reactive gas discharge manifold, to cause the liquid water that has been discharged into the reactive gas discharge manifold to be discharged out of the fuel cell stack.

An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.

In a fuel cell vehicle and a method of controlling the fuel cell vehicle, when a gas pressure in a high pressure tank becomes less than a first threshold pressure, the SOC of an energy storage device is increased to a margin SOC. When the gas pressure becomes a second threshold pressure which is lower than the first threshold pressure, the amount of fuel released from the high pressure tank is limited to prevent the occurrence of buckling, and limit the travel driving force by the motor to a required limit. At the time of limiting the travel driving force, electrical energy of the energy storage device is used to provide assistance in a manner that the travel driving force by the motor becomes the travel driving force of the required limit.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, an anode tail gas oxidizer (ATO), an ATO injector configured to mix a first portion of an anode exhaust from the fuel cell stack with a cathode exhaust from the fuel cell stack and to provide a mixture of the first portion of the anode exhaust and the cathode exhaust into the ATO, an anode exhaust conduit which is configured to provide the first portion of the anode exhaust into the ATO injector, and cathode exhaust conduit which is configured to provide at least a portion of the cathode exhaust from the fuel cell stack into the ATO injector. The ATO injector includes injector tubes or injection apertures.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a housing, a first coolant port, a second coolant port, and a cooling device having a coolant pump and a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the coolant pump. The housing includes an upper side and a bottom side. The fuel cell stack is arranged inside the housing. The first coolant port and the second coolant port each comprise a coolant tube having an inner tube, an outer tube and a gap therebetween. Each of the first coolant port and the second coolant port reach through the housing in a way that an inner end is further to the upper side than an outer end. The first coolant port and the second coolant port are coupled to the cooling device and a first coolant path of the fuel cell stack to form a coolant loop.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell generating electric power by a reaction between a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, an injector supplying the fuel gas to the fuel cell, a discharge line in which an off-gas discharged from the fuel cell flows, an ejector recirculating the off-gas flowing in the discharge line to the fuel cell using a flow of the fuel gas from the injector, a discharge valve discharging the off-gas flowing in the discharge line to the outside, and a control device controlling supply of the fuel gas by the injector and opening and closing of the discharge valve. When supply of the fuel gas by the injector is stopped, the control device opens the discharge valve while the off-gas is recirculated to the fuel cell and closes the discharge valve before supply of the fuel gas by the injector is restarted.

The present disclosure provides a fuel cell system that allows greater convenience and smaller size to be achieved. The fuel cell system of the disclosure comprises a fuel cell module and a liquid water discharge channel for discharge of liquid water in the fuel cell module. The fuel cell module comprises a battery stack, a reactive gas discharge manifold formed so that, during use of the fuel cell system, reactive gas flows from the lower end in the vertical direction to the upper end in the vertical direction, a reactive gas discharge outlet disposed so as to be located at the upper end of the reactive gas discharge manifold in the vertical direction, and a liquid water discharge outlet disposed so as to be located at the lower end of the reactive gas discharge manifold in the vertical direction. The liquid water discharge channel is connected to the liquid water discharge outlet in such a manner that liquid water flows through its interior.

A system for estimating a concentration of hydrogen in a fuel cell is provided. The system includes a hydrogen supply line supplying the hydrogen to the fuel cell and a time measurement sensor measuring a time duration from a point in time when an operation of the fuel cell ends to a point in time when the fuel cell restarts. A controller estimates an amount of air introduced into the fuel cell during the time duration using the measured time duration and estimates a concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen supply line at the time of restarting the fuel cell based on the measured time duration and the estimated amount of introduced air.

The present invention provides a high efficiency prime mover with phase change energy storage for distributed generation and motor vehicle application. Phase change storage minimizes energy required for refrigerant liquefaction while reducing fuel consumption and emissions.