A method of operating an aircraft includes providing a fuel cell system to power the aircraft, providing an airflow path through the fuel cell system, sensing a change mass air flow rate supplied to a compressor of the fuel cell system, and at least one of adjusting a restriction of airflow entering the airflow path in response to the sensed change in mass air flow rate, adjusting a restriction of airflow exiting the airflow path in response to the sensed change in mass air flow rate, and adjusting an air scoop to gather a different amount of air into the airflow path. A method of operating an aircraft includes sensing a change in ambient pressure supplied to an airflow path and adjusting a restriction of airflow exiting the airflow path in response to a sensed change in ambient pressure.

To provide an air-cooled fuel cell system configured to efficiently warm up a fuel cell. An air-cooled fuel cell system, wherein the air-cooled fuel cell system comprises: a fuel cell, a reaction air supplier configured to supply reaction air to a reaction air inlet of the fuel cell, a reaction air supply flow path configured to connect the reaction air supplier and the reaction air inlet of the fuel cell, a reaction air discharge flow path configured to connect a reaction air outlet of the fuel cell and the outside of the air-cooled fuel cell system, a housing, a temperature acquirer configured to acquire a temperature of inside air discharged from a cooling air outlet, and a controller; and wherein, based on the temperature measured by the temperature acquirer, the controller controls opening and closing of the opening and closing unit and an opening degree thereof.

To provide an air-cooled fuel cell system configured to suppress thermal runaway. An air-cooled fuel cell system, wherein the reaction air supply flow path comprises a first valve in a region downstream of the reaction air supplier and upstream of the reaction air inlet of the fuel cell; wherein the reaction air discharge flow path comprises a second valve downstream of the reaction air outlet of the fuel cell; wherein the fuel gas supply flow path comprises a third valve upstream of the fuel gas inlet of the fuel cell; wherein the fuel off-gas discharge flow path comprises a fourth valve downstream of the fuel gas outlet of the fuel cell.

A fuel cell system includes fuel cell, an electrical storage device that stores electric power generated by the fuel cell, and a control device that controls generation of power by the fuel cell, that acquires a charging rate of the electrical storage device, when the electric power in the electrical storage device is supplied to external devices, the control device performs first control which increases a charging rate of the electrical storage device and second control which restricts a power generation amount of the fuel cell to be smaller than in the first control and decreases a charging rate of the electrical storage device, and when a temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than a predetermined temperature, a power generation amount per hour of the fuel cell in the first control is reduced in comparison when the detected temperature is equal to or greater than the predetermined temperature.

The invention relates to a method for deactivating a fuel cell system (10) comprising a jet pump (28) for conveying an anode-side gas flow in a recirculation path (26), wherein the jet pump (28) comprises a metering valve (36) for metering H.sub.2. While the fuel cell system (10) is cooling, a flow passes through a drive nozzle (46) at least once in order to discharge condensed water. The t invention additionally relates to a jet pump (28) comprising a metering valve (36) and to the use of the method in order to deactivate a fuel cell system (10).

The invention relates to a fuel cell system (200) having a valve (10) in a valve housing (50), the valve (10) having: a) a drive unit (12), b) an elongate rotor (20) with a first rotor section (21) and a second rotor section (22), the second rotor section (22) having: I. a first radially circumferential projection (31), II. a second radial projection (36), which is spaced at a distance (d1) from the first radially circumferential projection (31) and has at least one opening (39) for the passage of the fluid of the fluid source (102), c) a main valve plate (60) which is movably mounted on the second rotor section (22) and has a rotor hole (62).

Methods and systems for producing are disclosed. A method for producing iron, for example, comprises: providing an iron-containing ore to a dissolution subsystem comprising a first electrochemical cell; wherein the first anolyte has a different composition than the first catholyte; dissolving at least a portion of the iron-containing ore using an acid to form an acidic iron-salt solution having dissolved first Fe.sup.3+ ions; providing at least a portion of the acidic iron-salt solution to the first cathodic chamber; first electrochemically reducing said first Fe.sup.3+ ions in the first catholyte to form Fe.sup.2+ ions; transferring the formed Fe.sup.2+ ions from the dissolution subsystem to an iron-plating subsystem having a second electrochemical cell; second electrochemically reducing a first portion of the transferred formed Fe.sup.2+ ions to Fe metal at a second cathode of the second electrochemical cell; and removing the Fe metal.

Disclosed herein is an electric power and thermal management system in which, when a shaft is rotated due to an operation of a power part, generation of electric power and a circulation of a fluid are performed together so that the generation of the electric power and a circulation structure of oil are integrated, and thus a layout can be reduced, and a structure can be simplified. In addition, in a state in which the generation of the electric power and the circulation structure of the oil are integrated, a circulation amount of the oil is adjusted according to an angle of an inclined plate constituting a pumping mechanism so that an oversupply of the oil to parts through which the oil is circulated can be prevented.

A linear time varying model predictive control (LTV-MPC) framework is developed for degradation-conscious control of automotive polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems. A reduced-order nonlinear model of the entire system is derived first. This nonlinear model is then successively linearized about the current operating point to obtain a linear model. The linear model is utilized to formulate the control problem using a rate-based MPC formulation. The controller objective is to ensure offset-free tracking of the power demand, while maximizing the overall system efficiency and enhancing its durability. To this end, the fuel consumption and the power loss due to auxiliary equipment are minimized. Moreover, the internal states of the fuel cell stack are constrained to avoid harmful conditions that are known stressors of the fuel cell components.

A fuel cell recovery control system and method are provided to supply hydrogen to the cathode of a fuel cell stack to remove an oxide film formed on a platinum surface of the cathode. The performance of the fuel cell stack is recovered in accordance with the oxide film removal. In addition, electric power generated during the performance recovery of the fuel cell stack is consumed in an inverter and, as such, overcharge of a battery is prevented.