A hydrogen storage system includes a pressure-sealed sleeve defining an interior and having an outlet, a shaft extending through the interior of the sleeve, a set of porous chambers arranged axially along and concentric to the shaft, and a hydrogen storage, wherein at least some hydrogen gas is supplied to the outlet.

This present disclosure relates generally to a liquid carbon-neutral energy facility (CNEF) operating as a system and the associated apparatus, methods and processes (methodology) for the generation of Carbon-Neutral Hydrogen (CNH) and Carbon-Neutral Electricity (CNE) in a new facility or alternatively in association with an existing greenfield, oil/gas field, or wholly or partially converted oil refinery and the like, and further relating to the generation and storage of energy and/or electricity by means of chemical potential energy operating as a liquid battery using Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) compositions.

A hydrogen storage system includes a pressure-sealed sleeve defining an interior and having an outlet, a shaft extending through the interior of the sleeve, a set of porous chambers arranged axially along and concentric to the shaft, and a hydrogen storage, wherein at least some hydrogen gas is supplied to the outlet.

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H.sub.2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endothermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

A hydrocarbon feed stream is exposed to heat in an absence of oxygen (pyrolysis) to convert the hydrocarbon feed stream into a solids stream and a gas stream. The solids stream includes carbon. The gas stream includes hydrogen. The gas stream is separated into an exhaust gas stream and a first hydrogen stream. The first hydrogen stream includes at least a portion of the hydrogen from the gas stream. The carbon is separated from the solids stream to produce a carbon stream. Electrolysis is performed on a water stream to produce an oxygen stream and a second hydrogen stream. At least a portion of the oxygen of the oxygen stream and at least a portion of the carbon of the carbon stream are combined to generate power and a carbon dioxide stream. At least a portion of the generated power is used to perform the electrolysis on the water stream.

Method and system for producing CO2, purified hydrogen and electricity from a reformed process gas feed using a solid oxide fuel cell. The method having the steps of: introducing the reformed process gas into the solid oxide fuel cell; converting hydrogen and CO of the reformed process gas in combination with oxygen into an anode off-gas including steam, CO.sub.2 and unconverted process gas; introducing the anode off-gas into a high temperature water gas shift reactor; in the high temperature water-gas shift reactor, converting CO and steam into CO.sub.2 and hydrogen, introducing the gas exiting the high temperature water-gas shift reactor into a low temperature water-gas shift membrane reactor, in the low temperature water-gas shift membrane reactor, converting CO and steam into CO.sub.2 and hydrogen, whereby the low temperature water-gas shift membrane reactor comprises a hydrogen pump producing purified hydrogen on a permeate side, while removing hydrogen from a feed side.

A combined generation system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a natural gas synthesizing apparatus for receiving coal and oxygen, generating synthetic gas by a gasifier, and permitting the synthetic gas to pass through a methanation reactor so as to synthesize methane; a fuel cell apparatus for receiving fuel that contains methane from the natural gas synthesizing apparatus and generating electrical energy; and a generating apparatus for producing electrical energy using the fluid discharged from the fuel cell apparatus.

A gas-loading and packaging system is provided for loading a material used in a hydrogen fuel cell with gas and packaging the material in a sealed container. The gas may comprise a hydrogen gas or other gas. The material may, for example, comprise zeolite. The material is loaded with gas by exposing the material to the gas under high pressure and a cryogenic temperature of about 93 Kelvin or lower. When the material is exposed to gas under pressure and at cryogenic temperature, the gas absorbs into or adsorbs onto the material. The mass of the material is continuously monitored and used to determine when the material is loaded with the desired amount of gas. After the material is loaded with gas, high pressure and cryogenic temperature is maintained while the material is packaged and sealed in a cryogenically cooled container.

Systems and methods for generating electrical power combine pressurized fluidized bed combustors (PFBC) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) to provide a low cost solution for electricity generation with CO.sub.2 capture. A solid fuel is introduced fuel into a pressurized fluidized bed combustor to produce steam, a first quantity of electrical power, and a flue gas including CO.sub.2. Air, natural gas, at least a portion of the steam and at least a portion of the flue gas including CO.sub.2 are introduced to a molten carbonate fuel cell to produce a second quantity of electrical power and an output stream comprising primarily CO.sub.2. The pressurized fluidized bed combustor can desirably be air-fired and the solid fuel introduced there into can desirably be in a finely pulverized form.

A system and method for complementarily coupling and orderly converting multi-energy. The system includes: a reversible solid oxide cell, a gasification reaction chamber, synthesis reactor, and photo-thermal coupled catalytic reactor. Gasification of biomass/coal provides synthesis gas of a first source; feedstock gas is electrolyzed to produce synthesis gas of a second source; the synthesis gas of a first source and the synthesis gas of a second source react in the synthesis reactor to produce hydrocarbon fuel; during power generation, the synthesis gas enters a fuel electrode to react, and gas flowing out of the fuel electrode passes through the photo-thermal coupling catalytic reactor to react to produce hydrocarbon fuel; a heat source and light source required for gasification, electrolysis, power generation and photo-thermal coupled catalysis are provided by solar energy, and electrical energy for electrolysis is provided by power of unstable renewable energy from abandoned wind and light.