The invention relates to the method of preparing catalyst based on platinum (Pt), with a low Pt content, dispersed on carrier containing graphene quantum dots (Pt/GQDs or Pt/GO-GQDs) used for fuel cell with excellent activity in the electrochemical oxidation reaction of alcohol (for example, methanol, ethanol), applied as an anode catalyst for direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC). At the same time, the invention also refers to the catalyst obtained by this method as an anode catalyst for DAFC.

A system is disclosed for providing inerting gas to a protected space, and also providing electrical power. The system includes an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an anode separated by a separator comprising a proton transfer medium. Inerting gas is produced at the cathode. A fuel source comprising methanol or formaldehyde or ethanol and a water source are each in controllable operative fluid communication with the anode. A controller is configured to alternatively operate the system in a first mode of operation where water is directed to the anode fluid flow path inlet and electric power is directed from a power source to the electrochemical cell, and in a second mode of operation in which the fuel is directed from the fuel source to the anode fluid flow path inlet and electric power is directed from the electrochemical cell to the power sink.

Described herein relates to a high-entropy alloy (hereinafter HEA) catalyst and a method of optimizing a catalytic reaction within an electrochemical cell. The HEA catalyst may be fabricated from the following which includes but is not limited to Platinum acetylacetonate, Palladium acetylacetonate, Iron acetylacetonate, Cobalt acetylacetonate, Nickel acetylacetonate, Manganese acetylacetonate, Potassium, Ethanol, Perchloric Acid, Oleylamine, 1-Octadecene, and/or Cyclohexane. The HEA catalyst may provide a substantially decreased polarization overpotential and active energy barrier for the electrochemical cell. In addition, the HEA catalyst may operate stably at a constant working voltage for a substantial period of time, with a negligible performance decay of the output density, whether using O.sub.2 and/or air as cathode feeding. As such, the HEA catalyst may be used with the electrochemical cell to replace a H.sub.2O.sub.2 fuel cell, since the HEA catalyst provides similar power density with long-term operating, solving the storage and transportation problems of H.sub.2.

The present invention relates to the field of battery, and provides a direct ethanol fuel cell and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of: synthesizing catalyst: mixing and preheating silica powder, sucrose and trithiocyanuric acid to get a mixed powder; mixing and heating the mixed powder with Teflon to get N,S codoped carbon catalyst; synthesizing electrolyte: polymerizing sodium acrylate with an initiator and soaking the resulted hydrogel in a harsh alkaline solution; preparing cathode: coating the N,S codoped carbon catalyst onto a current collector to get the cathode; preparing anode: coating PtRu/C catalyst onto a current collector to get the anode; preparing the cell: clamping the soaked hydrogel between the cathode and the anode to get the cell. The resulted cell possesses remarkable flexibility and high energy density, with the function of drop-and-play.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Disclosed herein is a multi-layered composite thin film material formed from graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and metal nanocrystals in a layer-by-layer design, wherein the metal nanocrystals can be selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Os, Ir, Pd, Au, Ag and Pt. In a preferred embodiment, the multi-layered composite thin film material is prepared via a facile, green, and easily accessible layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly strategy. In this strategy, positively charged GOQDs and negatively charged metal nanocrystals are alternately and uniformly integrated with each other in a face-to-face stacked fashion under substantial electrostatic attractive interaction, and then the obtained GOQDs/metal composite thin film is calcined into GQDs/metal composite thin film. The composite thin film material disclosed herein may be used to catalyse a wide range or reactions, including selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in water and electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol at ambient conditions.

A bifunctional catalyst and a preparation method therefor are provided. The bifunctional catalyst is prepared by providing carbon matrix, adding 0.01-10 mol/L platinum containing solution, 0.01-10 mol/L palladium containing solution, 0.01-10 mol/L silver containing solution, and 0.01-15 mol/L sodium citrate trihydrate solution to the carbon matrix for reacting at 20 C. to 80 C. for 0.5 h to 24 h to obtain a mixed solution, and adding reducing agent to the mixed solution for reacting for 0.5 h to 30 h, and centrifuging and drying so as to obtain the bifunctional catalyst.

A method for producing bipolar plates includes removing scrap material from an electrically conductive plate. The scrap material is created when the plate is cut through to produce a fluid flow opening therein and in which an inlet manifold opening and an outlet manifold opening are located at the ends of the fluid flow opening and in communication therewith.

A method for producing bipolar plates includes removing scrap material from an electrically conductive plate. The scrap material is created when the plate is cut through to produce a fluid flow opening therein and in which an inlet manifold opening and an outlet manifold opening are located at the ends of the fluid flow opening and in communication therewith.

A direct isopropanol fuel cell adapted for use in ambient conditions and utilizing as fuel isopropanol and water preferably with isopropanol at relatively high concentrations representing 30% to 90% isopropanol.