An electrochemical energy conversion device 10 comprising a stack of solid oxide electrochemical cells 12 alternating with gas separators 14, 16, wherein scavenger material selected from one or both of free alkali metal oxygen-containing compounds and free alkaline earth metal oxygen-containing compounds is provided in or on one or more of the positive electrode-side of the cell 12, the adjacent gas separator 14 and any other structure of the device 10 forming a gas chamber 64 between the cell and the gas separator. The invention also extends to the treated cell 12.

An electrochemical energy conversion device 10 comprising a stack of solid oxide electrochemical cells 12 alternating with gas separators 14, 16, wherein scavenger material selected from one or both of free alkali metal oxygen-containing compounds and free alkaline earth metal oxygen-containing compounds is provided in or on one or more of the positive electrode-side of the cell 12, the adjacent gas separator 14 and any other structure of the device 10 forming a gas chamber 64 between the cell and the gas separator. The invention also extends to the treated cell 12.

The present invention relates to an improved metal supported solid oxide fuel cell unit, fuel cell stacks, fuel cell stack assemblies, and methods of manufacture.

The present invention relates to an improved metal supported solid oxide fuel cell unit, fuel cell stacks, fuel cell stack assemblies, and methods of manufacture.

A metal support for an electrochemical element has a plate shape as a whole, and is provided with a plurality of penetration spaces that pass through the metal support from a front face to a back face. The front face is a face to be provided with an electrode layer. Each of front-side openings that are openings of the penetration spaces formed in the front face has an area of 3.0×10.sup.−4 mm.sup.2 or more and 3.0×10.sup.−3 mm.sup.2 or less.

A metal support for an electrochemical element has a plate shape as a whole, and is provided with a plurality of penetration spaces that pass through the metal support from a front face to a back face. The front face is a face to be provided with an electrode layer. Each of front-side openings that are openings of the penetration spaces formed in the front face has an area of 3.0×10.sup.−4 mm.sup.2 or more and 3.0×10.sup.−3 mm.sup.2 or less.

A fuel cell stack having a structure in which a plurality of single fuel cells C(1) and a plurality of interconnectors (5) are disposed alternately between a pair of end members and such that a junction member J composed of an elastic member (20) and an electrically conductive member (21) is disposed in a space (3a) formed between a first end member (3) and a first interconnector (5(1)). A portion of the electrically conductive member (21) is disposed between the first end member (3) and the elastic member (20), and another portion of the electrically conductive member (21) is disposed between the first interconnector (5(1)) and the elastic member (20); and the first end member (3) and the first interconnector (5(1)) are electrically connected through the electrically conductive member (21).

Various hot box fuel cell system components are provided, such as heat exchangers, steam generator and other components.

The invention relates to a rechargeable battery and a method to operate a rechargeable battery having high efficiency and high energy density for storing energy. The battery stores electrical energy in the bonds of carbon and oxygen atoms by converting carbon dioxide into solid carbon and oxygen.

An electrochemical device may be formed by assembly by stacking preassembled modules, each of these modules being produced as a usual stack of electrochemical cells. The manufacture of preassembled modules can make it possible to produce electrochemical devices with a large number of electrochemical cells, without the bracing problems present and excessive crushing courses that are encountered in the cell stacks according to the prior art, i.e., in a single block.