A glass-metal feedthrough includes: an external conductor including steel, having a coefficient of expansion α.sub.external, and having an opening formed therein; an internal conductor disposed in the opening, the internal conductor including steel and having a coefficient of expansion α.sub.internal. The external conductor and the internal conductor are configured to not release nickel when in contact with a human or animal body or biological cells of a cell culture. A glass material surrounds the internal conductor within the opening and has a coefficient of expansion α.sub.glass. The coefficient of expansion α.sub.external of the external conductor and the coefficient of expansion α.sub.internal of the internal conductor both are greater than the coefficient of expansion α.sub.glass of the glass material.

An electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy to electrical energy includes a cathode with an active material of fluorinated carbon on a perforated metal cathode current collector, a lithium anode on a perforated metal anode current collector, a stepped header, a stable electrolyte, and a separator. In various embodiments, an anode current collector design, a cathode current collector design, a stepped header design, a cathode formulation, an electrolyte formulation, a separator, and a battery incorporating the electrochemical cell are provided.

A method of manufacturing a battery, in particular a button battery, including a case, provided with a container and a cap, and a polymer gasket, in particular made of polypropylene, compressed and bonded between the container and the cap. The method successively includes a step of implanting a silicatised layer by tribochemical sand blasting on all or part of the surface of the gasket, a step of adding a layer of adhesive to the surface of the gasket including the silicatised layer and/or on all or part of the surface of the container and of the surface of the cap intended to be joined to the gasket, a step of assembling the case with the gasket positioned by compression and bonding with the layer of adhesive between the container and the cap.

A lid body includes a terminal member of at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a sealing plate including an attachment hole for attaching the terminal member, and a sealing material containing a thermoplastic resin and an inorganic filler. The terminal member is inserted into the attachment hole and attached to the sealing plate in a state in which the sealing material is joined to a peripheral portion of the attachment hole. Here, as the inorganic filler, an inorganic substance having a volume change rate of 20% or less after being immersed for 7 days in a test electrolyte, which is prepared at 65° C., and which contains 1200 ppm of water and 1 M of LiPF.sub.6, and moreover in which a volume ratio of a solvent thereof satisfies a relationship of ethylene carbonate:diethyl carbonate:dimethyl carbonate=1:1:1, is used.

A method of manufacturing a micro-battery is provided. The method includes forming a micro-battery device by forming a first metal anode via and a first metal cathode via in a first substrate, forming a first metal layer on a bottom side of the first substrate, forming a first battery element on a top side of the substrate, forming an encapsulation layer around the first battery element, forming trenches through the encapsulation layer and the first substrate on different sides of the first battery element, and forming a metal sealing layer in the trenches to cover at least a plurality of sidewall surfaces of the first battery element. The metal sealing layer is electrically connected to the battery element through the first metal layer and the first metal cathode via.

A method of manufacturing a micro-battery is provided. The method includes forming a micro-battery device by forming a first metal anode via and a first metal cathode via in a first substrate, forming a first metal layer on a bottom side of the first substrate, forming a first battery element on a top side of the substrate, forming an encapsulation layer around the first battery element, forming trenches through the encapsulation layer and the first substrate on different sides of the first battery element, and forming a metal sealing layer in the trenches to cover at least a plurality of sidewall surfaces of the first battery element. The metal sealing layer is electrically connected to the battery element through the first metal layer and the first metal cathode via.

A battery disclosed herein includes: electrode bodies: an outer package which has an opening and which houses the electrode bodies, a sealing plate which seals the opening of the outer package and which has a through-hole and a recessed portion provided around the through-hole on a surface of a side opposing the electrode bodies; and a sealing member which seals the through-hole of the sealing plate. The sealing member has an inserted portion having been inserted to the through-hole and an enlarged diameter portion which extends from the inserted portion to inside of the outer package and which is formed with a larger diameter than the inserted portion. At least a part of the enlarged diameter portion is arranged inside the recessed portion of the sealing plate.

A battery disclosed herein includes: electrode bodies: an outer package which has an opening and which houses the electrode bodies, a sealing plate which seals the opening of the outer package and which has a through-hole and a recessed portion provided around the through-hole on a surface of a side opposing the electrode bodies; and a sealing member which seals the through-hole of the sealing plate. The sealing member has an inserted portion having been inserted to the through-hole and an enlarged diameter portion which extends from the inserted portion to inside of the outer package and which is formed with a larger diameter than the inserted portion. At least a part of the enlarged diameter portion is arranged inside the recessed portion of the sealing plate.

A new weld configuration is used to obtain a robust and consistent resistance weld between the tabs of an anode current collector and the casing of an electrochemical cell. This is done by adding a resistive transferable electrode tip between at least one of the welding electrodes, preferably the movable welding electrode, and the stacked parts that are being joined together. The purpose of the transferable electrode tip is to generate a sufficient amount of heat during the welding process so that the stacked parts are joined together without adding any product functionality. In one embodiment of the present invention, the transferrable electrode tip is a stainless-steel ball, the stacked anode current collector tabs are of nickel, and the cell casing is of stainless-steel.

A new weld configuration is used to obtain a robust and consistent resistance weld between the tabs of an anode current collector and the casing of an electrochemical cell. This is done by adding a resistive transferable electrode tip between at least one of the welding electrodes, preferably the movable welding electrode, and the stacked parts that are being joined together. The purpose of the transferable electrode tip is to generate a sufficient amount of heat during the welding process so that the stacked parts are joined together without adding any product functionality. In one embodiment of the present invention, the transferrable electrode tip is a stainless-steel ball, the stacked anode current collector tabs are of nickel, and the cell casing is of stainless-steel.