An integrated mobility system includes at least one road module, at least one railway module adapted to contain a plurality of road modules therein, and a plurality of loading/unloading infrastructures arranged in a plurality of boarding and unboarding stations scattered over a territory to allow operations for boarding/unboarding the road modules from the railway module. The railway module can be a two-story high-speed railway module. The boarding/unboarding stations are equipped with the loading/unloading infrastructures arranged so that the operations for boarding/unboarding the road module with respect to the railway module are always possible regardless of the position occupied by the road module inside the railway module, and regardless of simultaneous boarding and unboarding of other road modules. The road module and the railway module are arranged to be automatically interconnected to each other in the condition in which the road module is received inside the railway module.

A first power storage device, a second power storage device, and a third power storage device start discharging, with all of the three power storage devices in a state of full charge (TH1). The discharging continues until the second power storage device and the third power storage device can secure a residual capacity Pa, which is equal to or greater than a minimum residual capacity P. Then, the second power storage device and the third power storage device are disconnected, and the first power storage device is discharged to a capacity TH2. After the end of the operation described above, the total capacity of the first power storage device is measured by calculating TH1−TH2.

A modular battery system provides propulsive power to the rotor system of an aircraft. The modular battery system includes an array of battery modules arranged in at least one stack. Each battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, a first side having positive and negative receptacles and a second side, that is opposite of the first side, having positive and negative plugs. The receptacles and plugs are configured such that adjacent battery modules in a side-by-side relationship are electrically coupled together via plug and receptacle connections and such that the battery modules are electrically coupled together in parallel. An interconnection electrically couples each stack of battery modules together via plug and receptacle connections with one of the battery modules in each stack such that the stacks of battery modules are electrically coupled together in parallel.

A modular battery system provides propulsive power to the rotor system of an aircraft. The modular battery system includes an array of battery modules arranged in at least one stack. Each battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, a first side having positive and negative receptacles and a second side, that is opposite of the first side, having positive and negative plugs. The receptacles and plugs are configured such that adjacent battery modules in a side-by-side relationship are electrically coupled together via plug and receptacle connections and such that the battery modules are electrically coupled together in parallel. An interconnection electrically couples each stack of battery modules together via plug and receptacle connections with one of the battery modules in each stack such that the stacks of battery modules are electrically coupled together in parallel.

To provide a heat insulation sheet for a battery pack that has a good shape retention property and can maintain an excellent heat insulation property even when vibration or pressure is applied, and a battery pack in which a heat insulation sheet for a battery pack is interposed between battery cells. A heat insulation sheet (10) of the present invention is a heat insulation sheet for a battery pack, the heat insulation sheet being interposed between battery cells in a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells is connected in series or in parallel. The heat insulation sheet (10) includes: a first heat insulation material (21) containing a silica nanoparticle; and a second heat insulation material (22) containing a plate-shaped particle containing a silica component and having a curved surface.

To provide a heat insulation sheet for a battery pack that has a good shape retention property and can maintain an excellent heat insulation property even when vibration or pressure is applied, and a battery pack in which a heat insulation sheet for a battery pack is interposed between battery cells. A heat insulation sheet (10) of the present invention is a heat insulation sheet for a battery pack, the heat insulation sheet being interposed between battery cells in a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells is connected in series or in parallel. The heat insulation sheet (10) includes: a first heat insulation material (21) containing a silica nanoparticle; and a second heat insulation material (22) containing a plate-shaped particle containing a silica component and having a curved surface.

An energy storage system is provided, including: a plurality of energy storage devices, wherein each energy storage device includes an energy source; a junction unit for connecting the plurality of the energy storage devices in parallel to a common power bus, the junction unit including a control circuit; a power conversion unit coupled to the common power bus; and protection circuitry coupled to the control circuit for preventing current from one of the energy storage devices from flowing to another of the energy storage devices.

An energy storage system is provided, including: a plurality of energy storage devices, wherein each energy storage device includes an energy source; a junction unit for connecting the plurality of the energy storage devices in parallel to a common power bus, the junction unit including a control circuit; a power conversion unit coupled to the common power bus; and protection circuitry coupled to the control circuit for preventing current from one of the energy storage devices from flowing to another of the energy storage devices.

Provided is a battery cell assembly that continues to operate near normal parameters following a fault in a cell. The battery cell assembly includes a plurality of repeating cell units. Each of the cell units is connected in parallel with another cell unit. Additionally, each of the cell units is connected in series with another cell unit. Each of the cell units includes n cells connected in series, the n cells having a voltage range tolerance of z % greater than a nominal operational voltage range. The n cells comprise a first end cell, a second end cell, and n−2 middle cells interposed between the first end cell and the second end cell. The middle cells are absent a parallel connection. In each of the cell units, n≥3 and z(n−1)≥100. Also provided is a method of compensating for a voltage loss from a shorted cell.

Provided is a battery cell assembly that continues to operate near normal parameters following a fault in a cell. The battery cell assembly includes a plurality of repeating cell units. Each of the cell units is connected in parallel with another cell unit. Additionally, each of the cell units is connected in series with another cell unit. Each of the cell units includes n cells connected in series, the n cells having a voltage range tolerance of z % greater than a nominal operational voltage range. The n cells comprise a first end cell, a second end cell, and n−2 middle cells interposed between the first end cell and the second end cell. The middle cells are absent a parallel connection. In each of the cell units, n≥3 and z(n−1)≥100. Also provided is a method of compensating for a voltage loss from a shorted cell.