A long-range wireless power transfer system 100 is disclosed. The system 100 comprises at least a transmitting antenna 110 that is configured to receive electric power from a power source as an input, convert the input electric power into electromagnetic energy, and radiate the electromagnetic energy into free space as a directional beam that is a collimated or substantially collimated beam. The rectifying antenna 130 is positioned or configured to be positioned at a distance from the transmitting antenna 110. The rectifying antenna 130 is configured to receive the directional beam and convert the electromagnetic energy into electricity. In certain embodiments, the system 100 utilise one or more phase correcting devices 120, 122 to maintain the directional beam as the collimated beam and to increase a range to which the directional beam is maintained as the collimated or substantially collimated beam.

Examples disclosed herein relate to a reflectarray antenna system with two-dimensional beam scanning that includes a first reflectarray having a polarizing grid that operates as a reflective surface in a first polarization and operates as a transparent surface in a second polarization. The reflectarray antenna system includes a second reflectarray comprising an array of reflectarray cells and arranged parallel to the first reflectarray. The second reflectarray includes a first set of feed elements arranged along a first axis and a second set of feed elements arranged along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis to scan a field of view along the first and second axes. The second reflectarray can radiate radio frequency (RE) beams in the first polarization with the first and second sets of feed elements for reflection at the polarizing grid and radiate reflected RE beams in the second polarization for transmission through the polarizing grid.

Examples disclosed herein relate to a reflectarray antenna system with two-dimensional beam scanning that includes a first reflectarray having a polarizing grid that operates as a reflective surface in a first polarization and operates as a transparent surface in a second polarization. The reflectarray antenna system includes a second reflectarray comprising an array of reflectarray cells and arranged parallel to the first reflectarray. The second reflectarray includes a first set of feed elements arranged along a first axis and a second set of feed elements arranged along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis to scan a field of view along the first and second axes. The second reflectarray can radiate radio frequency (RE) beams in the first polarization with the first and second sets of feed elements for reflection at the polarizing grid and radiate reflected RE beams in the second polarization for transmission through the polarizing grid.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first device, such as a user equipment (UE) or base station, may receive, at a first antenna of a first antenna array, a first set of reference signals. The first device may measure the phase for each of the reference signals and estimate a linear offset between the first antenna array and a second antenna array of a second device that transmitted the reference signals. The first device may adjust an alignment of the first antenna array according to the estimated linear offset. The first device may receive a second set of reference signals, measure the phase for each of the reference signals, and estimate one or more rotational offsets between the first antenna array and the second antenna array. The first device may adjust the alignment of the first antenna array based on the one or more rotational offsets.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first device, such as a user equipment (UE) or base station, may receive, at a first antenna of a first antenna array, a first set of reference signals. The first device may measure the phase for each of the reference signals and estimate a linear offset between the first antenna array and a second antenna array of a second device that transmitted the reference signals. The first device may adjust an alignment of the first antenna array according to the estimated linear offset. The first device may receive a second set of reference signals, measure the phase for each of the reference signals, and estimate one or more rotational offsets between the first antenna array and the second antenna array. The first device may adjust the alignment of the first antenna array based on the one or more rotational offsets.

A phase shifter includes functional actively controlled phase-shift elements formed with TSVs. The phase shifter may include plural phase shifter elements each including: a signal line including a signal line through-substrate-via (TSV) in a substrate; a ground return line including a ground return line TSV in the substrate; a capacitance control line including a capacitance control line TSV in the substrate; and an inductance control line including an inductance control line TSV in the substrate, wherein the phase shifter element has one of a first phase shift and a second phase shift, different from the first phase shift, based on a capacitance and an inductance of the signal line TSV.

Device and method controlling for an antenna, an antenna system and a computing control device are provided. The antenna includes multiple antenna array elements and multiple phase shifters for calibrating phases of the multiple antenna array elements. The device includes a temperature sensor, a positioning unit and a computing control unit, the temperature sensor is configured to obtain temperature information of the antenna and output it to the computing control unit; the positioning unit is configured to obtain position information of the antenna and output it to the computing control unit; the computing control unit is configured to receive the position information and temperature information of the antenna, determine position information of a satellite, and control the phase shifters to adjust phases of the multiple antenna array elements according to the position information the temperature information of the antenna, the position information of the satellite and pre-stored calibration data.

Device and method controlling for an antenna, an antenna system and a computing control device are provided. The antenna includes multiple antenna array elements and multiple phase shifters for calibrating phases of the multiple antenna array elements. The device includes a temperature sensor, a positioning unit and a computing control unit, the temperature sensor is configured to obtain temperature information of the antenna and output it to the computing control unit; the positioning unit is configured to obtain position information of the antenna and output it to the computing control unit; the computing control unit is configured to receive the position information and temperature information of the antenna, determine position information of a satellite, and control the phase shifters to adjust phases of the multiple antenna array elements according to the position information the temperature information of the antenna, the position information of the satellite and pre-stored calibration data.

In accordance with some embodiments, an apparatus, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to transmit at least one data packet according to a link budget. The apparatus may further adjust at least one antenna beam steering angle in 3-dimensions according to an optimum dither angle or plurality of dither angles. The apparatus may further adjust at least one antenna pattern according to a predetermined tilt.

In accordance with some embodiments, an apparatus, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to transmit at least one data packet according to a link budget. The apparatus may further adjust at least one antenna beam steering angle in 3-dimensions according to an optimum dither angle or plurality of dither angles. The apparatus may further adjust at least one antenna pattern according to a predetermined tilt.