An electronically scanned antenna comprising a travelling wave guiding structure having a bottom conductor and a top conductor developing each along a first direction, the top conductor comprising a plurality of first conductive patches arranged periodically along said first direction and connected in series by tuning circuits; the electronically scanned antenna further comprising a plurality of amplifiers arranged for compensating resistive and radiation losses along the length of the travelling wave guiding structure.

A multi-beam phased antenna structure and a controlling method are provided. The multi-beam phased antenna structure includes a main antenna array and a passive beam forming circuit. The main antenna array includes a plurality of first main antennas and a plurality of second main antennas. The first main antennas are spaced out a predetermined distance. The predetermined distance is related to a coverage of the multi-beam phased antenna structure. The first main antennas and the second main antennas are interleaved. The second main antennas are spaced out the predetermined distance. The passive beam forming circuit includes a plurality of main phase shifters. The main phase shifters are electrically coupled to the second main antennas, such that a different between a first phase of each of the first main antennas and a second phase of each of the second main antennas is substantially 180°.

A multi-beam phased antenna structure and a controlling method are provided. The multi-beam phased antenna structure includes a main antenna array and a passive beam forming circuit. The main antenna array includes a plurality of first main antennas and a plurality of second main antennas. The first main antennas are spaced out a predetermined distance. The predetermined distance is related to a coverage of the multi-beam phased antenna structure. The first main antennas and the second main antennas are interleaved. The second main antennas are spaced out the predetermined distance. The passive beam forming circuit includes a plurality of main phase shifters. The main phase shifters are electrically coupled to the second main antennas, such that a different between a first phase of each of the first main antennas and a second phase of each of the second main antennas is substantially 180°.

A universal transmit-receive (UTR) module for phased array systems comprises an antenna element shared for both transmitting and receiving; a transmit path that includes a transmit-path phase shifter, a driver, a switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) that is configured to be driven by the driver, and a dynamic power supply (DPS) that generates and supplies a DPS voltage to the power supply port of the SMPA; and a receive path that includes a TX/RX switch that determines whether the receive path is electrically connected to or electrically isolated from the antenna element, a bandpass filter (BPF) that aligns with the intended receive frequency and serves to suppress reflected transmit signals and reverse signals, an adjustable-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA), and a receive-path phase shifter. The UTR module is specially designed for operation in phased array systems. The versatility and wideband agility of the UTR module allows a single phased array system to be designed that can be used for multiple purposes, such as, for example, both radar and communications applications.

A universal transmit-receive (UTR) module for phased array systems comprises an antenna element shared for both transmitting and receiving; a transmit path that includes a transmit-path phase shifter, a driver, a switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) that is configured to be driven by the driver, and a dynamic power supply (DPS) that generates and supplies a DPS voltage to the power supply port of the SMPA; and a receive path that includes a TX/RX switch that determines whether the receive path is electrically connected to or electrically isolated from the antenna element, a bandpass filter (BPF) that aligns with the intended receive frequency and serves to suppress reflected transmit signals and reverse signals, an adjustable-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA), and a receive-path phase shifter. The UTR module is specially designed for operation in phased array systems. The versatility and wideband agility of the UTR module allows a single phased array system to be designed that can be used for multiple purposes, such as, for example, both radar and communications applications.

An electronic device may include a transceiver, first and second antennas, and a passive radio-frequency power distribution circuit. The distribution circuit may have a first port coupled to the transceiver, a second port coupled to the first antenna, and a third port coupled to the third antenna. The distribution circuit may include a transformer coupled between the ports. The transformer may have at least two intertwined inductors formed from conductive traces on a dielectric substrate. The intertwined inductors may be concentric about a common point. The intertwined inductors may extend from the common point to the second and third ports. The intertwined inductors may have a coil or spiral shape and may wind around the common point at least once. Intertwining the inductors may serve to minimize the lateral footprint of the distribution circuit in the device.

An electronic device may include a transceiver, first and second antennas, and a passive radio-frequency power distribution circuit. The distribution circuit may have a first port coupled to the transceiver, a second port coupled to the first antenna, and a third port coupled to the third antenna. The distribution circuit may include a transformer coupled between the ports. The transformer may have at least two intertwined inductors formed from conductive traces on a dielectric substrate. The intertwined inductors may be concentric about a common point. The intertwined inductors may extend from the common point to the second and third ports. The intertwined inductors may have a coil or spiral shape and may wind around the common point at least once. Intertwining the inductors may serve to minimize the lateral footprint of the distribution circuit in the device.

A phase shifter includes a first substrate; a microstrip formed on the first substrate so as to extend in a first direction; a ground layer disposed with a space on the upper surface of the microstrip and having a defected ground structure (DGS) with a defected pattern formed therein; a second substrate disposed on the ground layer; and a liquid crystal layer disposed in a space between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein DC voltage is applied between the ground layer and the microstrip.

Various embodiments relate to an electronic device that supports millimeter wave communication. The electronic device may include: a housing; an antenna structure including at least one antenna comprising a portion of the housing or positioned in the housing, and including an annular conductive structure comprising a conductive material, the annular conductive structure having a first surface facing an outside of the housing, a second surface facing a direction opposite the first surface, an internal space defined by the first surface and the second surface, and a plurality of slots having a repeating pattern and formed through the first surface to the internal space; a conductive member comprising a conductive material disposed in the internal space; a wireless communication circuit electrically connected with the conductive member and configured to form a directional beam using the antenna structure; and a ground electrically connected to the annular conductive structure.

A transceiver for low-complexity beam steering. The transceiver has a first antenna array including a first sub-aperture with a first native beam steering angle and a second antenna array including a second sub-aperture with a second native beam steering angle different than the first native beam steering angle. The first antenna array and the second antenna array are arranged in the transceiver such that the first sub-aperture is combinable with the second sub-aperture to form a combined aperture when the first antenna array and the second antenna array are excited.