A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

A photonic crystal laser 10 is a laser that has a configuration, in which a light emitting layer (an active layer 12) that generates light including light of wavelength .sub.L, and a two-dimensional photonic crystal layer 11 including different refractive index regions (holes 111) disposed two-dimensionally on a plate-like base material 112, the different refractive index regions having a refractive index different from a refractive index of the base material, so that a refractive index distribution is formed, are stacked. Each different refractive index region in the two-dimensional photonic crystal layer 11 is disposed at a position shifted from each lattice point of a basic two-dimensional lattice that has periodicity defined to generate a resonant state of light of the wavelength .sub.L by forming a two-dimensional standing wave and not to emit light of the wavelength .sub.L to outside. A positional shift vector r representing the shift of the position of the different refractive index region at the each lattice point from the lattice point is expressed by

r=d.Math.sin(G.Math.r+.sub.0).Math.(cos(L(+.sub.0)), sin(L(+.sub.0)))

by using a wave number vector k=(k.sub.x, k.sub.y) of light of the wavelength in the two-dimensional photonic crystal layer 11, an effective refractive index n.sub.eff of the two-dimensional photonic crystal layer, an azimuth angle from a predetermined reference line extending in a predetermined direction from a predetermined origin of the basic two-dimensional lattice, an arbitrary constant .sub.0, and a reciprocal lattice vector G=(k.sub.xk|(sin cos )/n.sub.eff, k.sub.yk|(sin sin )/n.sub.eff) expressed by using a spread angle of a laser beam, the position vector r of the each lattice point, arbitrary constants d and .sub.0, and an integer L excluding 0.

A self-aligning laser system that is capable of accurate placement for xyz coordinate and rotational alignment and registration of optical lens or lenses in relation to a laser diode without the need for active alignment. This approach reduces complexity, assembly time and costs without sacrifice to precision of alignment and optical performance.

A semiconductor light-emitting module according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting elements each outputting light of a desired beam projection pattern; and a support substrate holding the plurality of semiconductor light-emitting elements. Each of the plurality of semiconductor light-emitting elements includes a phase modulation layer configured to form a target beam projection pattern in a target beam projection region. The plurality of semiconductor light-emitting elements include first and second semiconductor light-emitting elements that are different in terms of at least any of a beam projection direction, the target beam projection pattern, and a light emission wavelength.

A laser radar device includes a light source module, a collimating module, an optical phase-controlled array, a processing module, and a receiving module. The collimating module collimates the laser beam emitted by the light source module. The optical phase-controlled array deflects the collimated laser beam and reflects the deflected laser beam for making the reflected laser beam to illuminate at a target object. The receiving module receives the laser beam reflected by the target object and converts the received laser beam into electric signals. The processing module calculate a distance between the laser radar device and the target object based on the received electric signals. An accuracy of calculating the distance between the laser radar device and the target object is improved.

A self-aligning laser system that is capable of accurate placement for xyz coordinate and rotational alignment and registration of optical lens or lenses in relation to a laser diode without the need for active alignment. This approach reduces complexity, assembly time and costs without sacrifice to precision of alignment and optical performance.

Systems and methods for etching complex patterns on an interior surface of a hollow object are disclosed. A method generally includes positioning a laser system within the hollow object with a focal point of the laser focused on the interior surface, and operating the laser system to form the complex pattern on the interior surface. Motion of the laser system and the hollow object is controlled by a motion control system configured to provide rotation and/or translation about a longitudinal axis of one or both of the hollow object and the laser system based on the complex pattern, and change a positional relationship between a reflector and a focusing lens of the laser system to accommodate a change in distance between the reflector and the interior surface of the hollow object.