This application provides a charging protection method, a terminal, and a charger. The terminal obtains a parameter from the charger, including at least one of an input voltage value and an output current value of the charger and a temperature value of a charging output port of the charger. When a parameter value is greater than a threshold, the terminal terminates a charging process based on a relationship between a corresponding threshold and at least one of a difference between the output current value of the charger and an input current value of the terminal, a power loss from the charger to the terminal, and a temperature value (including the temperature value of the charging output port of the charger and a temperature value of a charging input port of the terminal). A charging port can be prevented from being overheated, and a probability that an overheated charging port causes an accident can be effectively decreased.

An integrated circuit-based nano-relay, comprising: an integrated circuit system of the nano-relay constructed according to an integrated circuit module built from a combinational logic circuit. An integrated power data processing algorithm is called by means of the integrated circuit module to perform signal processing on an input power signal, and power service data is output, that is, an integrated circuit is mainly constructed by means of the combinational logic circuit, the protection logic of the nano-relay is achieved by means of a hardware circuit module, and a response speed of the relay is improved.

A current consumed by an electric consumer is sampled as a first sampled current, and a main current sensor samples a current provided by an electric supply system as a second sampled current. A fault current detector detects a fault current between the electric supply system and the electric consumer, based on a non-zero difference between the first sampled current and the second sampled current and, in response, generates a circuit break signal. A residual current device receives the circuit break signal and, in response, to breaks a circuit between electric supply system and the electric consumer.

A control method allows the control of an installation for transmitting electricity comprising a DC transmission network including a group of electricity transmission lines that are linked to one another. The method allows the opening of at least one N-1 safety system, for each safety system being opened, the contribution to the flow of current through the group of transmission lines, originating from the converter station associated with the safety system that is opened, is removed. Furthermore, the method also allows a search for the short-circuit fault in order to identify the faulty transmission line, and an operation, implemented after identification of the faulty transmission line by the search step, of isolating the faulty transmission line by opening the line circuit breakers of the faulty transmission line.

A squib driver circuit for deployment of an active safety restraint in a vehicle. The squib driver circuit may include a high side protection circuit. The high side protection circuit may include a comparator circuit to compare a voltage at a high side feed terminal to a reference voltage and activate a timer in response to the voltage at the high side feed terminal exceeding the reference voltage, the timer generating a disable signal to disable the high side driver after a predetermined period of time. The high side protection circuit may disable the high side driver after the short is detected and elapse of the predetermined period of time. The squib driver circuit may be formed on a single chip.

A squib driver circuit for deployment of an active safety restraint in a vehicle. The squib driver circuit may include a high side protection circuit. The high side protection circuit may include a comparator circuit to compare the input voltage to a reference voltage and activate a timer in response to the input voltage exceeding the reference voltage, the timer generating a disable signal to disable the high side driver after a predetermined period of time The high side protection circuit may disable the high side driver after a short is detected and elapse of the predetermined period of time. The squib driver circuit may be formed on a single chip.

A squib driver circuit for deployment of a deployable restraint in a vehicle. The safety restraint may have a minimum firing voltage. The voltage regulator may regulate the input voltage to be the minimum firing voltage at the input terminal. The squib driver circuit may be formed on a single chip. The squib driver circuit may include a high side driver and a low side driver. An input terminal for receiving an input voltage used to fire the deployable restraint. The high side driver may supply current from the input terminal to the deployable restraint. The low side driver may supply current from deployable restraint to the electrical ground.

This application relates to methods and apparatus for fault protection in a DC power transmission network or grid that aid in determining the location of a fault in the network. The method involves, in the event of a fault, controlling at least one current limiting element of the network so as to limit a fault current flowing to below a first current level which is within the expected current operating range of the network in normal operation, i.e. a safe level. The fault current is then controlled to maintain a non-zero level of fault current flow and the characteristics of the fault current flow at different parts of the network are determined by fault current detection modules. The location of the fault is then determined based on the determined characteristics.

Disclosed are a photovoltaic system and its rapid shutdown method. The photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic array including a photovoltaic array panel and a shutdown device, a junction box and an inverter, the shutdown device is electrically connected to the photovoltaic array panel and is connected to the inverter; the photovoltaic system further includes a shutdown device controller, which is coupled to the high voltage wires, and is configured for receiving a first detection signal reflecting a state of the AC side of the inverter, determining whether the AC side of the inverter is in a power-off state, outputting a first power-off signal when the AC side of the inverter is in the power-off state, and transferring the first power-off signal to the shutdown device; and the shutdown device receives the first power-off signal and prohibits the electric energy from transferring to the inverter.

A method detects a fault on a line of an electrical power supply system, in which current values are measured at the line ends of the line and the current values are used to check whether there is a fault on the line. In order to perform monitoring of the line such that faults can be detected comparatively quickly and sensitively, it is proposed that voltage values are also measured at the line ends. The respective measured current and voltage values are used to ascertain respective comparison current values indicating the current flowing at a comparison location on the line and the respective comparison current values are used to check for the presence of a fault on the line, and a fault signal is generated if the check has resulted in a fault present on the line being detected.