A short circuit protection apparatus for a power conversion apparatus supplying power to a load via a plurality of switches connected to each other in parallel includes Ma current detectors each configured to detect a sum of currents flowing through two or more switches among the plurality of switches so as to output a detection signal indicative of the sum that is detected, wherein Ma is 1 less than M, which is the number of the plurality of switches, and a short circuit determiner configured to determine, based on detection signals obtained from the respective Ma current detectors, occurrence of short circuit failure in the plurality of switches to output a cutoff instruction signal for stopping on-off drive of the plurality of switches.

A load control apparatus (1) for controlling a power supply to an electrical load connected to an output terminal (3) of the load control apparatus (1) comprising: an overcurrent protection circuit (1A) having a power switch (5) through which the electrical load receives an electrical load current (I.sub.L) and having a sensor component (4) connected in series with the power switch (5) and adapted to generate directly a voltage drop (ΔU.sub.4) corresponding to the current rise speed of the electrical load current (I.sub.L) flowing from an input terminal (2) of the load control apparatus (1) via the sensor component (4) and the power switch (5) to the output terminal (3) and having a driver circuit (6) adapted to detect an occurring overcurrent depending on the voltage drop (ΔU.sub.4) generated by the sensor component (4) and/or a voltage drop (ΔU.sub.5) along the power switch (5) and adapted to switch off said power switch (5) upon detection of an overcurrent within a switch-off period of less than one millisecond; and/or comprising a power supply control circuit (1C) having a sensor component (9) adapted to measure at the input terminal (2) a supply voltage notified to a control unit (8) of the load control apparatus (1) adapted to control an electrical power supplied to the electrical load.

A load protection apparatus for protecting an electrical load connected to an output terminal (3) of the load protection apparatus (1) against overcurrent, said apparatus (1) comprising: an overcurrent protection circuit (1A) having a power switch (5) through which the electrical load receives an electrical load current (I.sub.L) via the output terminal (3) and having a sensor component (4) connected in series with the power switch (5) and adapted to generate directly a voltage drop (ΔU.sub.4) corresponding to the current rise speed of the electrical load current (I.sub.L) flowing from an input terminal (2) of the load control apparatus (1) via the sensor component (4) and the power switch (5) to the output terminal (3) and having a driver circuit (6) adapted to detect an occurring overcurrent depending on the voltage drop (ΔU.sub.4) generated by the sensor component (4) and depending on a voltage drop (ΔU.sub.5) along the power switch (5) adapted to switch off said power switch (5) upon detection of an overcurrent within a switch-off period.

A hybrid modular multilevel converter having fault blocking capability, and a control method thereof are disclosed. The hybrid modular multilevel converter has an ABC three-phase structure, each phase includes an identical upper arm and lower arm, and the upper arm and the lower arm are each composed of N submodules, including M unipolar full bridge submodules and N-M half bridge submodules, which are connected in series; two identical arm inductors are connected in series between a lower end of the upper arm and an upper end of the lower arm in a same phase; and upper arms and lower arms of three phases are connected in a staggered manner through six thyristor branches, the upper ends of the upper arms of the three phases are short-circuited and are connected to a DC side via a first isolating switch.

The disclosure relates to a method for controlling an uninterruptable power supply and a respective computer program. The uninterruptable power supply comprises a grid connection, a grid switch connected to the grid connection, a rectifier and an inverter interconnected via a DC link, an energy storage connected to the DC link, a load connection, to which the inverter is connected, and a bypass switch, which is connected in parallel to the rectifier, the DC link and the inverter between the grid switch and the load connection, wherein the grid switch is a mechanical switch and the bypass switch is a semiconductor switch.

A protection method in a distributed power system including of DC power sources and multiple power modules which include inputs coupled to the DC power sources. The power modules include outputs coupled in series with one or more other power modules to form a serial string. An inverter is coupled to the serial string. The inverter converts power input from the string and produces output power. When the inverter stops production of the output power, each of the power modules is shut down and thereby the power input to the inverter is ceased.

The invention relates to a system 1 for controlling a voltage converter comprising a plurality of high-side switches forming a high group and a plurality of low-side switches forming a low group, the control system 1 comprising: a module 10 for measuring a voltage V of the DC voltage source B, a module 11 for comparing the measured voltage V with a first safety threshold OV1, a control module 12 for controlling a first group of switches so as to close chosen from the high group or the low group, if the comparison module 11 indicates that the measured voltage V is higher than the first safety threshold OV1.

An in-mold lid closing apparatus includes a lid engagement member, a first actuation assembly connected to a first portion of the lid engagement member, a second actuation assembly connected to a second opposing portion of the lid engagement member, and a controller disposed in electrical communication with the first actuation assembly and the second actuation assembly. The controller is configured to transmit a first drive signal to the first actuation assembly and a second drive signal to the second actuation assembly to drive one of a linear position and a rotational position of the lid engagement member and to adjust at least one of the first drive signal and the second drive signal based upon a first feedback signal received from the first actuation assembly and a second feedback signal received from the second actuation assembly.

A gate driver IC includes a first diode, a second diode, a first comparator, a second comparator, and a judgement circuit. The first comparator compares a first potential difference between both ends of the first diode and a first threshold. The second comparator compares a second potential difference between both ends of the second diode and a second threshold. Based on comparison results of the first comparator and the second comparator, the judgement circuit determines occurrence of disconnection.

A system for protecting a vehicle inverter from overvoltage includes a first inverter having switching elements and converting energy from an energy storage device into AC power. A first motor is driven by receiving the converted AC power. A second inverter is connected in parallel with the first inverter, includes a switching elements, and converts energy from the energy storage device into AC power. A second motor is driven by receiving the converted AC power. A first capacitor is connected in parallel between the first inverter and the energy storage device and stores electric energy of the first motor during regenerative braking. A controller turns off a relay connecting the energy storage device and the motor when a voltage of the first capacitor is equal to or greater than a predetermined voltage and operates the switching elements in the inverters in response to first and second current commands.