The present invention comprises a voltage detection circuit for measuring the voltage of an assembled battery 20 in which power storage elements 100 are serially connected, a current detection resistor for detecting the current in the assembled battery 20, and a CPU 33 for calculating, inter alia, the amount of energization electricity from continuous charging or continuous discharging of the assembled battery 20. The CPU 33 controls input/output for when the assembled battery 20 is charged/discharged so that ΔSOC, which is the value obtained by dividing the amount of energization electricity by the actual capacity of the assembled battery 20, does not exceed an upper limit ΔSOC.

An electrochemical cell having a positive electrode; a negative electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the electrochemical cell contains reversible ions in an amount sufficient to maintain a negative electrode potential verses reference level below a negative electrode damage threshold potential of the cell and a positive electrode potential verses reference level above a positive electrode damage threshold potential of the cell under an applied load at a near zero cell voltage state, such that the cell is capable of recharge from the near zero cell voltage state, and method for its production is disclosed.

A battery management system for a vehicle includes a controller configured to, in response to a rate of change of voltage during discharge of a battery cell exceeding a first threshold more than a predetermined number of times over a predefined duration, output an error signal, and in response to the rate of change exceeding a second threshold greater than the first, output the error signal.

A method, a controlling unit and an electronic charging arrangement for determining a state of charge of a battery (205) during charging of the battery (205) are presented. The method comprises charging (110) the battery (205) with a charging current (410) during a first time period (T1), interrupting (120) the charging current (410) after the first time period (T1) at least for an interruption time period (T2), determining (130) a change (480) of terminal voltage (420) of the battery (205) during the interruption time period (T2), and determining (140) the state of charge based on the determined change (480) of terminal voltage (420).

A battery charge control apparatus to be installed in a vehicle includes a current regulation circuit and a controller. The vehicle is provided with a first battery, a voltage converter, a second battery, and an onboard device. The voltage converter lowers an output voltage of the first battery. The second battery is electrically charged by an output from the voltage converter and outputs a voltage lower than an output voltage of the first battery. The onboard device is operated by an output from the second battery and an output from the voltage converter. The current regulation circuit is disposed between the voltage converter and the second battery and reduces an amount of a charging current to be delivered via the voltage converter to the second battery. The controller controls the current regulation circuit on the basis of an output current from the voltage converter.

Provided are a terminal device and a method for monitoring battery safety therefor. The method for monitoring battery safety includes the following. When a battery of the terminal device is in a stable state, a voltage curve of the battery is generated by acquiring in real time a voltage of the battery. A voltage drop of the battery of a preset duration is obtained according to the voltage curve. Whether the battery is abnormal is determined according to the voltage drop of the preset duration.

A method of executing charge and discharge cycles with a battery cell where the discharge level is as low as zero detectable volts without substantial damage to the cell.

Disclosed are methods, systems, and devices to adaptively charge a battery. Charging current is applied to charge the battery. After application of the charging current, at least one discharging pulse is applied to the battery, and in response to application of the at least one discharging pulse, a first value and a second value of a relaxation voltage of the battery is determined. The first value corresponds to a maximum value of the relaxation voltage, and the second value corresponds to a value of the relaxation voltage determined after a particular wait period following the application of the at least one discharging pulse. Based on a difference between the first value and the second value of the relaxation voltage, one or more charging parameters are adapted, and the battery is charged based on the adapted one or more charging parameters.

An aerosol generating device includes an induction heating circuit for inductively heating a susceptor arrangement to heat an aerosol generating material to thereby generate an aerosol. The device is configured such that during operation a level of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the device is: less than 40 dBμV/m over a frequency range of 30 MHz to 225 MHz and/or less than 47 dBμV/m over a frequency range of 235 MHz to 1 GHz, and/or less than 70 dBμV/m over a frequency range of 1 GHz to 3 GHz, and/or less than 74 dBμV/m over a frequency range of 3 GHz to 6 GHz.

A method and system provide a plurality of power cell modules. The power cell modules can be stacked together such that they are electrically connected and share a collective multi-voltage bus. Electronic appliances can be connected to one of the power cell modules to be powered by all of the connected power cell modules. Power cell modules can be easily added or removed from the bank without interrupting the supply of power to the electronic appliance.