Processing circuitry functionally includes: an internal resistance calculation unit; a reference value obtaining unit configured to obtain a reference value for internal resistance; a correction coefficient calculation unit configured to calculate a correction coefficient indicating how great difference between the internal resistance and the reference value is: a correction value calculation unit configured to calculate a correction value by correcting the reference value using the correction coefficient; and an estimation unit configured to calculate estimated internal resistance, based on the correction value and present voltage. The processing circuitry is configured to control charge and/or discharge of the battery, based on the internal resistance or the estimated internal resistance. The correction value calculation unit is configured to calculate the correction value by correcting the reference value using the correction coefficient calculated in the past when the internal resistance calculation unit is unable to calculate the internal resistance.

A switching-mode power system and method utilizing a rechargeable primary higher-current density energy cell and a rechargeable secondary lower-current density cell are disclosed. The system and method employ a collection of switches that are dynamically actuated so as to selectively interconnect and repurpose a minimal arrangement of components. This facilitates the selective provision of power to a portable device or system from a rechargeable primary high-current density energy cell or a rechargeable secondary lower-current density cell. In addition, by selectively actuating the switches, the switching-mode power supply is enabled to a) permit the secondary lower-current density cell to quickly attain a charge level suitable for device/system operation when connected to a charging station/power source, b) charge the primary high-current density energy cell, and c) employ the charged secondary lower-current density cell to charge the primary high-current density energy cell when disconnected from the charging station/power source.

A parallel charging-discharging management system of multiple batteries comprises a main control module, a charging dual-MOS control module, a discharging dual-MOS control module, a communication module, a voltage sampling module, a current sampling module, a temperature sampling module, an electric quantity display module and batteries; the main control module is connected with a charging dual-MOS control module, a discharging dual-MOS control module, a communication module, a voltage sampling module, a current sampling module, a temperature sampling module and an electric quantity display module; the charging dual-MOS control module is connected with a power supply, batteries and a main control module, the discharging dual-MOS control module is connected with the batteries; the main control module and the load, the current sampling module is connected with the batteries and the main control module; the temperature sampling module is connected with the main control module; it prevents battery discharging and isolates parallel batteries.

A lithium battery system is provided. The lithium battery system comprises a battery pack, a battery management module, and a cooling control module. The battery pack comprises a first battery module and a second battery module having different battery characteristics. The battery management module is electrically connected to the battery pack, and configured to control an operating condition of the battery pack according to the battery characteristics of the first battery module and the second battery module. The cooling control module is electrically connected to the battery management module and the battery pack, and configured to cool the battery pack according to an instruction of the battery management module. The application combines a variety of lithium batteries with different performances to obtain a lithium battery system with excellent comprehensive performance.

Provided is a semiconductor device capable of stably estimating an internal temperature of a battery. A semiconductor device coupled to a battery calculates entropy heat of the battery at a predetermined time by using a charging current of the battery and an internal temperature of the battery at a time before a predetermined time, calculates a heat generation amount of the battery from the charging current of the battery, calculates a heat radiation amount of the battery based on a temperature difference between the internal temperature at the time before the predetermined time and a surface temperature of the battery, and estimates an internal temperature of the battery at the predetermined time by using the entropy heat, the heat generation amount and the heat radiation amount.

A charging control method includes: monitoring a real-time temperature of the battery during charging a battery with a first real-time charging current; reducing the first real-time charging current to a second real-time charging current at a specified current reduction rate, when the real-time temperature of the battery is greater than a first temperature threshold, the second real-time charging current being a real-time charging current corresponding to that the real-time temperature of the battery is less than the first temperature threshold; and charging the battery according to the second real-time charging current. As such, the temperature rise problem during high-current high-power fast charging can be alleviated, and excessive fluctuations due to instantaneous current adjustment can be prevented from affecting the charging rate thereby improving user experience.

The hybrid battery system includes a primary battery pack, a secondary battery pack, a battery control unit, a battery pack positive terminal, and a battery pack negative terminal. The battery control unit includes a management module and a variable resistor. The primary battery pack supplies power at lower temperatures, while the secondary battery pack supplies power at higher temperatures. The primary battery pack is unsafe at higher temperatures, and the primary cells within the primary battery pack are modified to mitigate the dangers that previously rendered the primary battery pack unusable in a hybrid battery pack at higher temperatures. The invention includes the method of safely operating the hybrid battery system with the modified primary battery cells of the primary battery pack.

An energy storage device and a temperature control method thereof are provided. When a temperature of a battery is lower than a preset temperature and an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit receives an alternating current input voltage, an inductance-capacitance resonance circuit and a direct current-direct current conversion circuit are controlled to use electrical energy provided by the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit to generate a resonant current to heat the battery. When the temperature of the battery is lower than the preset temperature and the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit does not receive the alternating current input voltage, the inductance-capacitance resonance circuit and the direct current-direct current conversion circuit are controlled to use electrical energy provided by the battery to generate a resonant current to heat the battery.

A power supply unit for an aerosol inhaler includes: a power supply able to discharge power to a load for generating an aerosol from an aerosol source; a connector able to be electrically connected to an external power supply; a control device configured to control at least one of charging and discharging of the power supply or configured to be able to convert power which is input from the connector into charging power for the power supply; and a zener diode provided between the connector and the control device so as to be connected in parallel with the control device. A maximum value of zener voltage of the zener diode is lower than a maximum operation guarantee voltage of the control device.

A vehicle includes an electrified propulsion system powered by a traction battery over an electrical distribution system (EDS) and a controller programmed to monitor at least one of a current flow and a temperature at a plurality of locations throughout the EDS. The controller is also programmed to implement at least one mitigation action over a predetermined time window in response to detecting a filtered current value exceeding a threshold.