An electronic module includes a power supply wiring line disposed on a substrate along a first side and connected to a power supply terminal, a ground wiring line disposed on the substrate along a second side and connected to a ground terminal, and first to third half bridges each having a high-side switch and a low-side switch connected in series between the power supply wiring line and the ground wiring line. Connection points of the high-side switches and the low-side switches are connected to first to third motor terminals and also connected in parallel to one another. The first motor terminal, the second motor terminal, and the third motor terminal are disposed between the power supply terminal and the ground terminal.

A power apparatus applied in an SST structure includes a first AC-to-DC conversion unit, a first DC bus, an isolated transformer, a DC-to-AC conversion unit, a second AC-to-DC conversion unit, and a second DC bus. The first AC-to-DC conversion unit has a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm. The first DC bus provides a first DC voltage. The isolated transformer has a primary side and a secondary side. The DC-to-AC conversion unit has a third bridge arm and a fourth bridge arm. The second AC-to-DC conversion unit has a fifth bridge arm and a sixth bridge arm. The second DC bus provides a second DC voltage.

A power apparatus applied in an SST structure includes a first AC-to-DC conversion unit, a first DC bus, an isolated transformer, a DC-to-AC conversion unit, a second AC-to-DC conversion unit, and a second DC bus. The first AC-to-DC conversion unit has a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm. The first DC bus provides a first DC voltage. The isolated transformer has a primary side and a secondary side. The DC-to-AC conversion unit has a third bridge arm and a fourth bridge arm. The second AC-to-DC conversion unit has a fifth bridge arm and a sixth bridge arm. The second DC bus provides a second DC voltage.

A conversion device includes: an inductor connected to the AC power grid; a first-stage converter configured to output a bus voltage based on the AC power grid; a second-stage converter configured to convert the bus voltage into an output voltage to the load; and a filtering network, wherein a first resistance-capacitance circuit is disposed between the first and third terminals of the filtering network, a second resistance-capacitance circuit is disposed between the second and third terminals of the filtering network, the first terminal of the filtering network is connected to the AC power grid, the second terminal of the filtering network is connected to the bus or the second terminal of the second-stage converter, and the third terminal of the filtering network is grounded through a first capacitor.

A conversion device includes: an inductor connected to the AC power grid; a first-stage converter configured to output a bus voltage based on the AC power grid; a second-stage converter configured to convert the bus voltage into an output voltage to the load; and a filtering network, wherein a first resistance-capacitance circuit is disposed between the first and third terminals of the filtering network, a second resistance-capacitance circuit is disposed between the second and third terminals of the filtering network, the first terminal of the filtering network is connected to the AC power grid, the second terminal of the filtering network is connected to the bus or the second terminal of the second-stage converter, and the third terminal of the filtering network is grounded through a first capacitor.

A power management system for a headset includes a step-up converter and a step-down converter. The step-up converter increases the voltage and decreases the current supplied by the power supply. The power is transmitted via transmission lines at the increased voltage. The step-down converter decreases the voltage to a suitable level for various components of a power rail assembly. The power lost in the transmission lines is proportional to the square of the current. The power saved by transmission at a lower current in the transmission lines is greater than the power lost by the step-up converter and the step-down converter.

A power management system for a headset includes a step-up converter and a step-down converter. The step-up converter increases the voltage and decreases the current supplied by the power supply. The power is transmitted via transmission lines at the increased voltage. The step-down converter decreases the voltage to a suitable level for various components of a power rail assembly. The power lost in the transmission lines is proportional to the square of the current. The power saved by transmission at a lower current in the transmission lines is greater than the power lost by the step-up converter and the step-down converter.

Aspects are described for line frequency commutated voltage source converters for multiphase modular multilevel converters. A voltage source converter (VSC) capacitor voltage of a multiphase VSC of a multiphase power converter can be identified. The multiphase VSC can include a half-bridge circuit for each phase of the multiphase power converter. A circuit parameter can be identified and utilized to determine an arm voltage of an arm of a branch of the multiphase converter. Switch control signals can be generated to insert or bypass the VSC capacitor for the arm of the branch of the multiphase converter device, based at least in part on a comparison between the arm voltage and the VSC capacitor voltage.

Proposed is a sub-module of a power converter, the sub-module capable of allowing failure-causing electric current to quickly bypass the sub-module when a failure occurs in the sub-module. A sub-module of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sub-module including an energy storage unit, at least one power semiconductor circuit connected, in parallel, to the energy storage unit and configured with a plurality of power semiconductor switches and a plurality of freewheeling diodes, and a switching element arranged between two output terminals connected to one of one or more of the power semiconductor circuits, forced to undergo an induced failure when an induced-failure signal is input into a gate terminal thereof, and internally short-circuited, thereby connecting the output terminals to each other.

Disclosed is an optimized energy interconnection system for an urban railway train in the technical field of urban railway transportation power supply, for addressing the technical problem that distribution of regenerative braking energy flows cannot be accurately determined. The system includes a DC intermediate bus and a multi-port flow controllable energy router. The multi-port flow controllable energy router can comprehensively control a source and a load connected in parallel on the DC intermediate bus and thus can accurately determine the distribution of regenerative braking energy flows, thereby forming a well-developed system for evaluating usage of the braking energy.