A surgical stapler. The surgical stapler includes a drive system, an electric motor, a battery and a control system. The drive system includes an actuation member. The electric motor is mechanically coupled to the drive system. The battery is electrically couplable to the electric motor. The control system includes an H-bridge circuit electrically couplable to the electric motor. The control system is configured to control the electric motor based on a sensed parameter associated with the electric motor, a position of the actuation member and a velocity of the actuation member.

A motor control apparatus includes a motor, a motor driver to drive the motor, a motor current detection unit, a motor state estimation unit, a motor control unit, and first and second abnormality detection units. The motor current detection unit detects a current value of the motor. The motor state estimation unit estimates a state of the motor based on a voltage applied to the motor and the detected current value. The motor control unit applies a driving voltage of first driving corresponding to the estimated state of the motor or apply a driving voltage of second driving, which does not use the estimated motor state, to the motor driver. The first abnormality detection unit detects a rotation abnormality of the motor based on the estimated motor state. The second abnormality detection unit detects the rotation abnormality of the motor based on the detected current value of the motor.

A motor control apparatus includes a motor, a motor driver to drive the motor, a motor current detection unit, a motor state estimation unit, a motor control unit, and first and second abnormality detection units. The motor current detection unit detects a current value of the motor. The motor state estimation unit estimates a state of the motor based on a voltage applied to the motor and the detected current value. The motor control unit applies a driving voltage of first driving corresponding to the estimated state of the motor or apply a driving voltage of second driving, which does not use the estimated motor state, to the motor driver. The first abnormality detection unit detects a rotation abnormality of the motor based on the estimated motor state. The second abnormality detection unit detects the rotation abnormality of the motor based on the detected current value of the motor.

A power supply circuit includes a first P-channel MOSFET and a first voltage application circuit. The first P-channel MOSFET is provided between an on-board power supply and a vehicular apparatus that is a power supply target, and is configured to switch a power-ON state in which electric power is supplied to the vehicular apparatus and a power-OFF state in which the supply of the electric power is interrupted. The first voltage application circuit is configured to apply a voltage having a potential lower than a potential of the on-board power supply to a gate terminal such that a state of the first P-channel MOSFET is switched to the power-ON state, and apply a voltage having a potential equal to the potential of the on-board power supply to the gate terminal such that the state of the first P-channel MOSFET is switched to the power-OFF state.

A power supply circuit includes a first P-channel MOSFET and a first voltage application circuit. The first P-channel MOSFET is provided between an on-board power supply and a vehicular apparatus that is a power supply target, and is configured to switch a power-ON state in which electric power is supplied to the vehicular apparatus and a power-OFF state in which the supply of the electric power is interrupted. The first voltage application circuit is configured to apply a voltage having a potential lower than a potential of the on-board power supply to a gate terminal such that a state of the first P-channel MOSFET is switched to the power-ON state, and apply a voltage having a potential equal to the potential of the on-board power supply to the gate terminal such that the state of the first P-channel MOSFET is switched to the power-OFF state.

The invention FIG. 1 is a dc-dc converter with variable unpredictable input voltage in direct current, to output voltage in direct current always stable at fixed value, with high efficiency above ninety-five percent, with very low heat dissipation.

The invention is created for automobile industry to allow the use of capacitor batteries, but it can be used in all electric devices like dc-dc converter step down, also as integrated on chip.

The invention FIG. 1 is a dc-dc converter with variable unpredictable input voltage in direct current, to output voltage in direct current always stable at fixed value, with high efficiency above ninety-five percent, with very low heat dissipation.

The invention is created for automobile industry to allow the use of capacitor batteries, but it can be used in all electric devices like dc-dc converter step down, also as integrated on chip.

A motor controller used for driving a motor is provided. The motor controller includes a driving circuit, a control unit, an operational amplifier, a comparator, an inverter, a multiplexer, a first resistor, and a second resistor. The first and second resistors are mounted on a printed circuit board. By changing the resistance of the first resistor and the resistance of the second resistor, it is capable of changing the driving direction of the motor.

A motor controller used for driving a motor is provided. The motor controller includes a driving circuit, a control unit, an operational amplifier, a comparator, an inverter, a multiplexer, a first resistor, and a second resistor. The first and second resistors are mounted on a printed circuit board. By changing the resistance of the first resistor and the resistance of the second resistor, it is capable of changing the driving direction of the motor.

A control circuit includes a first high-side transistor coupled between a voltage supply terminal and the first terminal of a DC motor and a second high-side transistor coupled between the voltage supply terminal and the second terminal of the DC motor. The control circuit includes a first low-side transistor coupled between a ground terminal and the first terminal of the DC motor and a second low-side transistor coupled between the ground terminal and the second terminal of the DC motor. The control circuit includes a first pull-up resistor coupled between the voltage supply terminal and a gate terminal of the first low-side transistor and a second pull-up resistor coupled between the voltage supply terminal and a gate terminal of the second low-side transistor. The pull-up resistors apply bias currents to turn ON the first and second low-side transistors to provide a conductive path to brake the DC motor.