A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric body at least a portion of which can bend and vibrate, an upper electrode on an upper surface of the piezoelectric body and in which distortion of a crystal lattice is reduced as a distance from the upper surface of the piezoelectric body increases, a lower electrode on a lower surface of the piezoelectric body and in which distortion of a crystal lattice is reduced as a distance from the upper surface of the piezoelectric body increases, and a support substrate below the piezoelectric body, in which a recess extending from a lower surface of the support substrate toward the lower surface of the piezoelectric device is provided.

A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric single crystal body with a homogeneous polarization state and of which at least a portion flexurally vibrates, an upper electrode on an upper surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body, a lower electrode on a lower surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body, and a supporting substrate below the piezoelectric single crystal body. A recess extends from a lower surface of the supporting substrate toward the lower surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body.

In described examples of a micromechanical system (MEMS), a rigid cantilevered platform is formed on a base substrate. The cantilevered platform is anchored to the base substrate by only a single anchor point. A MEMS resonator is formed on the cantilevered platform.

A resonator defining a longitudinal axis that includes a mounting pad, a pad connector, at least one isolation mechanism, and a pair of elongated tines extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The isolation mechanism including an outer block defining a first outer end and a second outer end on opposite sides, an inner block defining a first inner end and a second inner end on opposite sides, and a pair of interconnect members, where each respective interconnect member of the pair of interconnect members connects the second outer end to the first inner end. The respective first ends of the pair of elongated tines being connected to the second inner end and the pad connector connects the mounting pad to the first outer end.

A MEMS resonator is equipped with a substrate, a moving structure suspended above the substrate in a horizontal plane formed by first and second axes, having first and second arms, parallel to one another and extending along the second axis, coupled at their respective ends by first and second transverse joining elements, forming an internal window. A first electrode structure is positioned outside the window and capacitively coupled to the moving structure. A second electrode structure is positioned inside the window. One of the first and second electrode structures causes an oscillatory movement of the flexing arms in opposite directions along the first horizontal axis at a resonance frequency, and the other electrode structure has a function of detecting the oscillation. A suspension structure has a suspension arm in the window. An attachment arrangement is coupled to the suspension element centrally in the window, near the second electrode structure.

In described examples of a micromechanical system (MEMS), a rigid cantilevered platform is formed on a base substrate. The cantilevered platform is anchored to the base substrate by only a single anchor point. A MEMS resonator is formed on the cantilevered platform.

A MEMS resonator is equipped with a substrate, a moving structure suspended above the substrate in a horizontal plane formed by first and second axes, having first and second arms, parallel to one another and extending along the second axis, coupled at their respective ends by first and second transverse joining elements, forming an internal window. A first electrode structure is positioned outside the window and capacitively coupled to the moving structure. A second electrode structure is positioned inside the window. One of the first and second electrode structures causes an oscillatory movement of the flexing arms in opposite directions along the first horizontal axis at a resonance frequency, and the other electrode structure has a function of detecting the oscillation. A suspension structure has a suspension arm in the window. An attachment arrangement is coupled to the suspension element centrally in the window, near the second electrode structure.

A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device includes a temperature compensating structure including a first beam suspended from a substrate and a second beam suspended from the substrate. The first beam is formed from a first material having a first Young's modulus temperature coefficient. The second beam is formed from a second material having a second Young's modulus temperature coefficient. The body may include a routing spring suspended from the substrate. The routing spring may be coupled to the first beam and the second beam. The routing spring may be formed from the second material. The first beam and the second beam may have lower spring compliance than the routing spring. The MEMS device may be a resonator and the temperature compensating structure may have dimensions and a location such that the temperature compensation structure modifies a temperature coefficient of frequency of the resonator independent of a mode shape of the resonator.

A resonance device is provided that includes a resonator having a base, a vibrating arm extending from one end of the base along a first direction, a frame disposed around at least a part of the vibrating arm and holding the vibrating arm such that the vibrating arm is configured to vibrate, and a support arm connecting the base to the frame. Moreover, a first substrate is provided that includes a first recess forming at least a part of a vibration space for the resonator and a first limiting portion provided away from the support arm by a first distance in a thickness direction, in which the first distance is smaller than a distance between a bottom surface of the first recess and the vibrating arm in the thickness direction of the first substrate.