An optical element driving system is provided. The optical element driving system includes a fixed portion, a first movable portion, a second movable portion, a first driving assembly, a second driving assembly, and a connecting element. The first movable portion is used for moving relative to the fixed portion. The second movable portion is used for holding an optical element having a main axis, and is movable relative to the first movable portion. The first driving assembly is used for driving the first movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion in a first dimension. The second driving assembly is used for driving the second movable portion to move relative to the first movable portion in a second dimension. The connecting element connects the first movable portion and the second movable portion.

A haptic feedback system is provided, including a sensing unit, a haptic feedback module, and a circuit assembly. The sensing unit is configured to detect contact with an object. The haptic feedback module is configured to transfer the contact force to the sensing unit. The circuit assembly is electrically connected to the sensing unit and the haptic feedback module.

A driving mechanism for moving an optical element is provided, including a first fixed part, a second fixed part, a movable part, and a driving unit. The movable part is movably connected to the first and second fixed parts for holding the optical element, wherein the optical element has an optical axis. The driving unit drives the movable part to move along the optical axis relative to the first and second fixed parts.

An optical element drive mechanism is provided. The optical element drive mechanism includes an immovable part, a movable part, and a drive assembly. The movable part is connected to an optical element that includes an optical axis. The movable part is movable relative to the immovable part. The drive assembly drives the movable part to move relative to the immovable part.

A magnetic switch sensor is provided having a magnetic field sensing element configured to generate a magnetic field signal in response to a magnetic field indicative of a distance or angle between the magnetic field sensing element and a target, a first circuit coupled to receive the magnetic field signal and having an output to provide a comparison signal, and a debounce circuit coupled to receive the comparison signal and having an output to provide a debounced signal. The sensor can include a second circuit having an input coupled to receive the debounced signal and an output at which is provided a toggle signal that transitions between first and second levels every other time the magnetic field signal crosses a threshold level.

A rotary switch apparatus contains a rotary switch that has a moving operating element that contains a magnetic device for generating a magnetic field. The rotary switch apparatus also contains a Hall sensor device that is configured to generate a sensor signal representing a characteristic of the magnetic field, to determine a position signal using the sensor signal, which indicates a rotation position of the operating element about an actuation axis and a longitudinal position of the operating element along the actuation axis.

A switch is disclosed. The switch includes a body; and an actuator configured to provide a magnetic force to the body and induce an electrical switching of the body, wherein the body includes a housing with a first surface; and a plurality of hall sensors sequentially disposed adjacent to the first surface, wherein the actuator includes a case with a second surface; and a first magnetic body and a second magnetic body sequentially disposed adjacent to the second surface, wherein the first magnetic body includes a first polarity; and a second polarity opposite to the first magnetic body, wherein the second magnetic body includes a third polarity; and a fourth polarity opposite to the third magnetic body, wherein the first polarity, the second polarity, the third polarity, and the fourth polarity are sequentially disposed along the second surface.

A switch device includes an operating knob on which a tilting operation is performed, a detected portion that tilts with the tilting operation of the operating knob, a detection portion that detects movement of the detected portion, and a substrate on which the detection portion is arranged. The detection portion is aligned in an in-plane direction of the substrate and performs a switching operation upon detection of movement of the detected portion in the in-plane direction.

A flow meter for a home appliance, in particular a dishwasher or a washing machine, the flow meter comprising a control unit having a first power supply terminal, a second power supply terminal and a digital input terminal which is connected to the second power supply terminal via a limiting element; a movable element which is moved by a flow of a fluid and which comprises at least one movable magnetic element; and a two-lead magneto-sensitive unit which comprises a signal terminal connected to the digital input terminal of the control unit and a reference terminal connected to the first power supply terminal of the control unit; wherein the magneto-sensitive unit comprises a magnetic sensor element having two output terminals connected to the signal terminal and the reference terminal, and a power supply terminal; and a buffered power supply unit configured to generate a continuous auxiliary voltage from the signal terminal and the reference terminal of the magneto-sensitive unit and to provide the continuous auxiliary voltage at the power supply terminal of the magnetic sensor element.

The semiconductor device includes a magnetic switch provided to a semiconductor substrate. The magnetic switch includes: a horizontal Hall element including first electrodes and second electrodes arranged at positions perpendicular to the first electrodes; a switch circuit configured to select a drive current direction of the Hall element from four directions; an SH comparator configured to alternately perform a first operation for sampling a signal transmitted from the Hall element and a second operation for sending a signal which is based on a result of comparing a value of the sampled signal and a reference value; a latch circuit configured to hold this sent signal and send the held signal as a latch output signal; and a control circuit configured to select the drive current direction in each of a period for the first operation and a period for the second operation based on the latch output signal.