A color temperature switching scheme for an LED lighting device is disclosed. The color temperature switching scheme comprises a plurality of different color temperature performances correspondingly generated by a plurality of different paired combinations of a first electric power allocated to a first LED load emitting a light with a first color temperature and a second electric power allocated to a second LED load emitting a light with a second color temperature such that a mingled color temperature between the first color temperature and the second color temperature can be generated thru a light diffuser. For tuning the mingled color temperature of the LED lighting device a reverse yet complementary power adjustment process for distributing a total electric power T between the first LED circuit and the second LED circuit is required such that a total light intensity remains unchanged while the mingled color temperature is being adjusted.

A color temperature switching scheme for an LED lighting device is disclosed. The color temperature switching scheme comprises a plurality of different color temperature performances correspondingly generated by a plurality of different paired combinations of a first electric power allocated to a first LED load emitting a light with a first color temperature and a second electric power allocated to a second LED load emitting a light with a second color temperature such that a mingled color temperature between the first color temperature and the second color temperature can be generated thru a light diffuser. For tuning the mingled color temperature of the LED lighting device a reverse yet complementary power adjustment process for distributing a total electric power T between the first LED circuit and the second LED circuit is required such that a total light intensity remains unchanged while the mingled color temperature is being adjusted.

An optical sensor arrangement comprises an optical barrier which is placed between a light-emitting device and a photodetector. Herein the light-emitting device and the photodetector are arranged on a first plane and are covered by a cover. The photodetector exhibits an active zone. The optical barrier exhibits an extent along a first principal axis, which is pointing parallel to the line connecting the centers of the light-emitting device and the photodetector. Herein the extent is greater than a dimension of the active zone. The optical barrier is designed to block light emitted by the light-emitting device that otherwise would be reflected by the cover by means of specular reflection and would reach the photodetector. The optical barrier is designed to pass light emitted by the light-emitting device and scattered on or above an outer surface of the cover.

A proximity sensor for a non-aperture mechanism includes a control circuit for generating a control signal; a first light-emitting element for emitting a first light source according to the control signal of the control circuit; a second light-emitting element for emitting a second light source according to the control signal of the control circuit; and a light sensing element coupled to the control circuit, for sensing the first light source and the second light source reflected by an object, and determining a distance between the proximity sensor and the object according to light intensities of the reflected first light source and the reflected sensed second light source; wherein the light sensing element and the first light-emitting element have a first distance therebetween, the light sensing element and the second light-emitting element have a second distance therebetween, and the second distance is greater than the first distance.

A fabric-based item may include fabric formed from intertwined strands of material. The strands of material may include extruded strands. Strand extrusion equipment may have electrically adjustable sources such as one or more sources of different polymers, dyes, particles, wire, and other elements to be incorporated into an extruded strand. The properties of the strands such as strand stiffness, strand diameter, conductivity, magnetic permeability, opacity, color, thermal conductivity, sand strength, may be varied along their lengths. Fabric formed from the strands may have different areas with different properties. Markers may be formed from particles at particular locations along the lengths of the strands, may be optical marker structures formed from circumferential rings of ink or other visible material on the strands, or may be other markers that can be sensed using electrical sensing, magnetic sensing, optical sensing, or other types of sensing when forming fabric from the strands.

A theory and a technical foundation for building a technical framework of a color temperature tuning technology are disclosed, composing a power allocation algorithm and a power allocation circuitry, wherein the power allocation algorithm is a software for designing a process of dividing and sharing a total electric power between at least a first LED load emitting light with a first color temperature CT1 and a second LED load emitting light with a second color temperature CT2 to generate at least one paired combination of a first electric power X allocated to the first LED load and a second electric power Y allocated to the second LED load to create at least one mingled light color temperature CTapp thru a light diffuser according to color temperature tuning formulas CTapp=CT1.Math.X/(X+Y)+CT2.Math.Y/(X+Y) and X+Y=constant; and the power allocation circuitry is a hardware designed for implementing the process.

A theory and a technical foundation for building a technical framework of a color temperature tuning technology are disclosed, composing a power allocation algorithm and a power allocation circuitry, wherein the power allocation algorithm is a software for designing a process of dividing and sharing a total electric power between at least a first LED load emitting light with a first color temperature CT1 and a second LED load emitting light with a second color temperature CT2 to generate at least one paired combination of a first electric power X allocated to the first LED load and a second electric power Y allocated to the second LED load to create at least one mingled light color temperature CTapp thru a light diffuser according to color temperature tuning formulas CTapp=CT1.Math.X/(X+Y)+CT2.Math.Y/(X+Y) and X+Y=constant; and the power allocation circuitry is a hardware designed for implementing the process.

Disclosed is a system for a motor vehicle, including a steering wheel (2) connected to the steering system of the vehicle, the steering wheel including a plurality of optical sensors (7) arranged on the rim (25) of the steering wheel and designed to detect the presence of at least one finger (5) of at least one hand of the driver near or in contact with the rim of the steering wheel, by way of which the system is able to determine the number of fingers near or in contact with the rim of the steering wheel as well as their respective positions on the rim. Also disclosed is a method associated with the device.

A method can be used for operating an optoelectronic proximity sensor. The proximity sensor includes a radiation-emitting component, a radiation-detecting component and a control unit. The radiation-emitting component is operated by means of a pulsed current. During each measurement period, the pulsed current of the radiation-emitting component has an on-time and an off-time. The pulsed current has a pulse current intensity during the on-time, and the control unit evaluates a detector signal of the radiation-detecting component and lowers the pulse current intensity for a subsequent measurement period, when the detector signal exceeds a threshold value during at least one measurement period.

A light receiving and emitting element module includes a substrate; a light emitting element and a light receiving element on an upper surface of the substrate; a frame-shaped outer wall that on the upper surface of the substrate; and a light shielding wall that is positioned inside the outer wall and partitions an internal space of the outer wall into spaces respectively corresponding to the light emitting element and the light receiving element. The light shielding wall includes a light emitting element-side shading surface on the light emitting element side, a light receiving element-side shading surface on the light receiving element side, and a lower surface that is connected to each of the light emitting element-side shading surface and the light receiving element-side shading surface, and that faces the substrate. The lower surface has an inclined surface inclined with respect to the upper surface of the substrate.