Generating human readable prime number compression (HRPNC) metadata for usage requirements, including: performing HRPNC of a binary object to generate a compressed binary object; generating metadata describing one or more usage requirements for the binary object; and performing HRPNC on the metadata to generate compressed metadata.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a conversion device including an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first bit string having a first bit length L1; a conversion unit configured to convert, in accordance with conversion information that associates respective bit strings each having the first bit length L1 with bit strings each having a second bit length L2 uniquely assigned to the respective bit strings, the first bit string into a second bit string having the second bit length L2. The conversion information is created by searching for a clique that includes 2.sup.L1 or more nodes, from a graph including nodes and an edge representing the bit strings each having the second bit length L2 that satisfy a predetermined constraint condition.

One example method includes receiving, by a large language model (LLM), input text to be compressed, defining a size of a rolling window of previous tokens, generated prior to receipt of the input text, that the LLM is permitted to consider in a conditional probability estimate, generating, by the LLM, tokenized text based on the input text, and the tokenized text comprises a sequence of tokens, based on the previous tokens, obtaining a probability mass function of a next token of the sequence, providing the probability mass function as an input to an arithmetic coding (AC) scheme, and assigning, by the AC scheme, a respective binary code to the token with a highest probability as assigned by the LLM.

Systems, computer program products, and methods are described herein for searching data via packed-decimal conversion within a standalone mainframe client. The present disclosure is configured to receive a term within a standalone mainframe client, where the standalone mainframe client comprises a dataset; convert the received term into a packed-decimal format; search the dataset for matches with the converted term in packed-decimal format; and return a set of matches within the dataset of the standalone mainframe client for the received term.