This application provides a downlink transmitting system and a switching method. The downlink transmitting system includes at least one digital intermediate frequency module group, at least one Tx port group, a plurality of PAs, at least one switching switch, and an antenna array. The plurality of PAs are connected to the antenna array. The plurality of PAs are connected to all Tx ports included in the downlink transmitting system in a one-to-one correspondence. The at least one digital intermediate frequency module group is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one Tx port group. Each Tx port group is connected to each digital intermediate frequency module in a corresponding digital intermediate frequency module group through one switching switch. Each Tx port group includes a plurality of Tx ports.

A transmitting and receiving device having a module (GSZ) with a configurable HF high-power amplifier (HPA) that includes a main power amplifier (DM) with a main amplifier core and at least one peak power amplifier (DP1) having an auxiliary amplifier core. A switching element connected to inputs of the main power amplifier and the at least one peak power amplifier is connected to a digital input signal divider (ET) having a plurality of outputs and an output combiner (C) is connected to outputs of the amplifier cores for the main power amplifier and the at least one peak power amplifier. A multi-harmonic transformation line (LAH) is connected at the amplifier core output of the main power amplifier and at the amplifier core output of the at least one peak power amplifier, and a circulator (Z1) is connected to the output of the output combiner or an impedance converter (AN1).

The present invention is to generate a spatially phase modulated electron wave. A laser radiating apparatus, a spatial light phase modulator, and a photocathode are provided. The photocathode has a semiconductor film having an NEA film formed on a surface thereof, and a thickness of the semiconductor film is smaller than a value obtained by multiplying a coherent relaxation time of electrons in the semiconductor film by a moving speed of the electrons in the semiconductor film. According to the configuration, a spatial distribution of phase and a spatial distribution of intensity of spatial phase modulated light are transferred to an electron wave, and the electron wave emitted from an NEA film is modulated into the spatial distribution of phase and the spatial distribution of intensity of the light. Since the spatial distribution of phase of the light can be modulated as intended by a spatial phase modulation technique for light, it is possible to generate an electron wave having a spatial distribution of phase modulated as intended.

Examples described herein include methods, devices, and systems which may compensate input data for nonlinear power amplifier noise to generate compensated input data. In compensating the noise, during an uplink transmission time interval (TTI), a switch path is activated to provide amplified input data to a receiver stage including a recurrent neural network (RNN). The RNN may calculate an error representative of the noise based partly on the input signal to be transmitted and a feedback signal to generate filter coefficient data associated with the power amplifier noise. The feedback signal is provided, after processing through the receiver, to the RNN. During an uplink TTI, the amplified input data may also be transmitted as the RF wireless transmission via an RF antenna. During a downlink TTI, the switch path may be deactivated and the receiver stage may receive an additional RF wireless transmission to be processed in the receiver stage.

A wideband power attenuator in RF-MEMS multilayer technology, for attenuating an electromagnetic signal, includes an upper layer with two RF ground planes, and between said two RF ground planes a central RF-MEMS movable switch as a floating electrode, an RF input, an RF output of an RF line running across the attenuator, a number of lower layers including in sequence: a ground floor of an electrically insulating substrate; two DC biasing electrodes to electrostatically control said movable switch, and DC biasing lines to feed the DC biasing electrodes; two DC-RF decoupling resistors, each decoupling resistor being connected on one side to respective terminals of said movable switch, and on the other side to respective one of the two RF ground planes; a resistive load adapted to be connected to the RF line to attenuate the electromagnetic signal on the basis of the floating movable switch configuration, between a non-contact RF position and a contact RF position with said RF line.

A semiconductor device comprising at least one transmit path is provided. The transmit path comprises an input node for receiving a digital baseband signal. Further, the transmit path comprises digital mixer circuitry coupled to the input node and configured to generate an upconverted digital baseband signal by upconverting a frequency of the digital baseband signal. Additionally, the transmit path comprises Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) circuitry coupled to the digital mixer circuitry and configured to generate an analog radio frequency signal based on the upconverted digital baseband signal. The transmit path comprises first analog mixer circuitry coupleable to an output of the DAC circuitry, and second analog mixer circuitry coupleable to the output of the DAC circuitry. Further, the transmit path comprises a first output node coupleable to an output of the first analog mixer circuitry, and a second output node coupleable to an output of the second analog mixer circuitry.

A detection calibration circuit includes a first distributor distributing a high frequency input signal, an amplifier amplifying the first high frequency output signal of the first distributor, a second distributor distributing the amplified first high frequency output signal of the first distributor, a reference signal generator outputting a reference signal in accordance with a switchable reference voltage, a switcher selecting a third high frequency output signal of the second distributor or a reference signal of the reference signal generator and outputting the selected signal, a detector detecting the third high frequency output signal of the second distributor or the reference signal of the reference signal generator from the switcher, a sensitivity switcher adjusting a sensitivity for an output signal of the detector, and a calibration control circuit adjusting a detection gain of an input signal of the detector and an input-output sensitivity for an output signal of the detector.

An apparatus includes a radio-frequency (RF) circuit, which includes a power amplifier coupled to receive an RF input signal and to provide an RF output signal in response to a modified bias signal. The RF circuit further includes a bias path circuit coupled to modify a bias signal as a function of a characteristic of an input signal to generate the modified bias signal. The bias path circuit provides the modified bias signal to the power amplifier.

An antenna device includes: antennas; magnetic oscillation element units converting electrical energy to high-frequency power, and a modulator outputting electrical energy input from outside to at least two magnetic oscillation element units, with a time difference to differentiate phases of high-frequency power converted from electrical energy by at least two magnetic oscillation element units. The magnetic oscillation element units respectively include a pair of electrodes, and further include, between the pair of electrodes, a PIN layer, a free layer, and an intermediate layer. A resistance value of an element configured by the PIN, free and intermediate layers changes according to the angle between the magnetization direction of the PIN layer and the magnetization direction of the free layer. The antennas transmit electromagnetic waves to open space outside the magnetic oscillation element units with the supply of high-frequency power.

A circuit includes a transformer having a primary coil coupled to a first power amplifier (PA) and a second PA, and a secondary coil. The secondary coil supplies a current to an antenna based on a first direction of a first phase of a first amplified constant-envelope signal in the primary coil with respect to a second phase of a second amplified constant-envelope signal in the primary coil. The circuit further includes load impedance coupled between a median point of the primary coil and ground. The load impedance is adjusted to match one of an impedance of the differential antenna, an impedance of the first PA, and an impedance of the second PA, based on the ripples detected by the ripple detector.