Methods, apparatus, and processor-readable storage media for generating a frequency hopping arrangement are provided herein. An example computer-implemented method includes determining a starting frequency channel for a frequency hopping arrangement to be used in a communication session by a designated group of devices; calculating a frequency channel step value based at least in part on a predetermined required minimum number of frequency channels and the number of devices in the designated group; and selecting the frequency channel values to be used in the communication session by iterating through frequency channel values for the useable frequency channels at intervals of a random frequency channel selection offset value until a number of frequency channel values equal to the frequency channel step value are selected.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. In one example, the apparatus may be a base station. In certain configurations, the apparatus may transmit information indicating a narrowband frequency hopping pattern to at least one UE. In certain aspects, the narrowband frequency hopping pattern may correspond to a plurality of frames. In certain other aspects, the plurality of frames may include at least one non-anchor channel and being associated with a plurality of anchor channels. The apparatus may communicate with the at least one UE using the narrowband frequency hopping pattern, including concurrently transmitting a discovery reference signal (DRS) in each of the plurality of anchor channels at a start of each hopping frame. In certain aspects, communication on the plurality of anchor channels may occur during the same frames.

Techniques and apparatuses described herein facilitate narrowband communication within the unlicensed frequency spectrum by simultaneously transmitting (e.g., in adjacent channels) a plurality of anchor channels. For example, a base station may simultaneously transmit at least three anchor channels of 180 kHz each so that the 500 kHz minimum bandwidth requirement is satisfied. Furthermore, the techniques and apparatuses described herein provide discovery reference signal (DRS) structures to cause the different types of DRS to be repeated and/or transmitted on different anchor channels, which improves frequency diversity. Also, a synchronization signal of the anchor channels may be used to indicate a configuration of the anchor channels. Thus, synchronization in the NB-IoT-unlicensed (NB-IoT-u) spectrum is enabled, and efficiency is improved over synchronization using a single anchor channel.

Methods, apparatus, and processor-readable storage media for generating a frequency hopping arrangement are provided herein. An example computer-implemented method includes determining a starting frequency channel for a frequency hopping arrangement to be used in a communication session by a designated group of devices; calculating a number of useable frequency channels between the starting frequency channel and a stopping frequency channel; calculating a frequency channel step value that is greater than a minimum number of frequency channels and is coprime with the number of devices in the designated group; and selecting the frequency channel values to be used in the communication session by iterating through frequency channel values for the useable frequency channels at intervals of a random frequency channel selection offset value until a number of frequency channel values equal to the frequency channel step value are selected.

A system for generating a frequency hopping Global Positioning System (GPS) system includes: an on-orbit reprogrammable digital waveform generator (ORDWG) configured to generate a GPS signal comprising a resilient frequency-hopping spread spectrum GPS signal that hops at a hop rate between two or more GPS channels, the GPS signal further comprising a legacy direct-sequence spread spectrum signal for at least two of the two or more GPS channels; and a receiver configured to receive the GPS signal, the radio further configured to decode the GPS signal.

According to one configuration, a wireless communication system includes one or more wireless communication devices and gateway hardware. The gateway hardware can be configured to notify the one or more wireless communication devices of a change associated with frequency hopping settings (such as switchover from first frequency hopping settings to second frequency hopping settings). Further, the gateway hardware can include a first radio frequency interface and a second radio frequency interface. In accordance with the frequency hopping settings, the gateway hardware: i) fixedly tunes the first radio frequency interface to a first wireless channel; and ii) while the first radio frequency interface is fixedly tuned to the first wireless channel, the gateway hardware dynamically tunes the second radio frequency interface to hop amongst multiple different wireless channels. The frequency hopping settings support different wireless power levels depending on a number of pseudorandom wireless channels that are hopped.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. In one example, the apparatus may be a base station. In certain configurations, the apparatus may transmit information indicating a narrowband frequency hopping pattern to at least one UE. In certain aspects, the narrowband frequency hopping pattern may correspond to a plurality of frames. In certain other aspects, the plurality of frames may include at least one non-anchor channel and being associated with a plurality of anchor channels. The apparatus may communicate with the at least one UE using the narrowband frequency hopping pattern. In certain aspects, communication on the plurality of anchor channels may occur during the same frames.

A page scanning device configured to generate a sequence mask for an expected frequency hopping sequence, select a first tone among a plurality of detected tones, first determine whether the first tone is included within an expected hop sequence, generate a first tone template in response to determining that the first tone is included within the expected hop sequence, align the first tone template with the plurality of detected tones based on the first tone, second determine whether the first tone template matches the plurality of detected tones, and detect a valid frequency hopping sequence in response to determining that the first tone template matches the plurality of detected tones.

A novel and useful acknowledgement and adaptive frequency hopping mechanism for use in wireless communication systems such as IO-Link Wireless. One or two additional acknowledgement bits are added to packet transmissions. One is a current acknowledgment bit which indicates whether a packet was successfully received anytime during the current cycle. The second bit is a previous acknowledgment bit which indicates whether packets were received successfully anytime during the previous cycle. An adaptive hopping table is constructed using a greedy algorithm which chooses frequencies with the best PER for transmission of higher priority packets, while equalizing the PER products across cycles. A last resort frequency mechanism further improves transmission success by switching to a better performing channel for the last subcycle when previous attempts to transmit a high priority packet have failed.

A novel and useful acknowledgement and adaptive frequency hopping mechanism for use in wireless communication systems such as IO-Link Wireless. One or two additional acknowledgement bits are added to packet transmissions. One is a current acknowledgment bit which indicates whether a packet was successfully received anytime during the current cycle. The second bit is a previous acknowledgment bit which indicates whether packets were received successfully anytime during the previous cycle. An adaptive hopping table is constructed using a greedy algorithm which chooses frequencies with the best PER for transmission of higher priority packets, while equalizing the PER products across cycles. A last resort frequency mechanism further improves transmission success by switching to a better performing channel for the last subcycle when previous attempts to transmit a high priority packet have failed.