Various embodiments may provide communication security at a physical layer. In some embodiments, a first wireless device at a first location may transmit to a second wireless device at a second location different portions of a message via two or more different spatially separated signal paths in a manner that enables the second wireless device to receive the complete message but prevents reception of the complete message by a third wireless device at a third location different from the second location. The second wireless device may receive different portions of the message via the two or more different spatially separated signal paths, may assemble the message from the received different portions of the message.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) controller may transmit a first message indicating a class of at least a first RIS of one or more RISs served by the RIS controller. The class may be associated with one or more capabilities of the first RIS. The RIS controller may receive a second message that includes an indication of one or more identifiers associated with the first RIS, where a quantity of the one or more identifiers may be associated with the first RIS based on the class associated with the first RIS. The RIS controller may receive a third message indicating, via the one or more identifiers, a configuration for the first RIS for communications between the first RIS and one or more network entities.

This disclosure relates to a wideband extremely large array antenna system and an OFDM-based hybrid beamforming for hybrid-field interference control of the same. The wideband extremely large array antenna system for OFDM-based hybrid beamforming of this disclosure may include a transmitter having a plurality of transmit antennas, and a receiver capable of communication with the transmitter and having a plurality of receiving antennas, and the system may be configured to perform a first step for designing a common analog beamforming matrix for all subcarriers between the transmitter and the receiver, and a second step for designing a baseband beamforming matrix for each of the subcarriers.

A communication method used in a mobile communication system including a relay apparatus configured to be controlled by a network includes relaying, by one or more repeaters included in the relay apparatus, a radio signal from a base station to a user equipment through beamforming, and controlling, by a control terminal included in the relay apparatus, the repeater by performing wireless communication with the base station. The one or more repeaters include multiple elements to which control values for controlling a propagation state of a radio signal are applicable respectively. The controlling includes specifying a codebook based on a configuration from the base station, the codebook defining a control value set as a set of the control values for each index value.

Beamforming codebook optimization in a wireless communication system (WCS) is provided. In a WCS, a wireless node (e.g., base station) simultaneously emits multiple reference beams in a coverage area based on a set of codewords that is optimized for a specific number (a full or a partial set) of antenna elements in an antenna array. The wireless node is configured to determine a different set(s) of codewords that are fine-tuned for forming the reference beams from a different number of the antenna elements in the antenna array and steer the reference beams toward identical directions. During deployment of the wireless node, there may be dead zones or low coverage zones. Aspects of the present disclosure facilitate the discovery of these low-coverage zones using feedback from multiple deployed Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Based on the feedback, the codebook of codewords may be optimized to reduce or eliminate such low coverage zones. Such an approach reduces reliance on manual walk-throughs and complicated iterative processes currently in use.

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for controlling a reconfigurable intelligent surface in a communication system. A method of a communication node may comprise: transmitting reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) operation support information to a base station; receiving RIS operation configuration information from the base station; configuring a plurality of RIS elements based on the RIS operation configuration information; generating second downlink (DL) transmission(s) via the plurality of RIS elements, based on first DL transmission(s) received from the base station; and transmitting the second DL transmission(s) to a terminal.

A wireless access point (AP) is disclosed, which is configured to share a transmission opportunity with at least one further wireless access point within a Multi-AP set using a Coordinated Beamforming (C-BF) scheme. The wireless AP comprises a processing circuitry configured to generate a C-BF Null Data PPDU Announcement (C-BF NDPA) frame, wherein the C-BF NDPA frame comprises a Multi-AP set identifier. Moreover, the wireless AP comprises a communication interface configured to transmit the C-BF NDPA frame to one or more wireless stations associated with the wireless AP and/or to one or more further wireless stations associated with the at least one further wireless AP within the Multi-AP set.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a network entity may receive an indication of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) configuration associated with a first network node and an indication of one or more RIS codebooks associated with one or more second network nodes. The network entity may transmit, using the RIS configuration associated with the first network node, the one or more RIS codebooks associated with the one or more second network nodes, and one or more link parameters associated with the first network node, an indication of a RIS codebook containing at least one RIS configuration that is associated with the first network node and the one or more second network nodes. Numerous other aspects are described.

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for codebook design in a communication system. A method of a base station may comprise: transmitting a pilot signal to a terminal by using a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS); receiving, from the terminal, channel information measured based on the pilot signal; estimating characteristics of elements of the RIS based on the channel information; generating a codebook based on the estimated characteristics of the elements; and transmitting the codebook to a controller of the RIS.

A control device includes: a control pattern selection unit configured to select a control pattern for an IRS based on a codebook and a reference value acquired from a target of the IRS, the codebook indicating a correspondence relation between a representative value specified based on the reference value and the control pattern for the IRS; and a control unit configured to control the IRS based on the control pattern. The codebook is generated by clustering a plurality of reference value samples of a target of an IRS into a plurality of clusters, calculating a representative value in each cluster based on reference values clustered in each cluster, calculating a control pattern corresponding to the representative value, and calculating a correspondence relation between the representative value and the control pattern.