According to one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes a transmitter configured to transmit a first frame including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission without receiving a transmission request for the first information; and a receiver configured to receive a second frame.

According to one aspect, a network node is provided. The network node including processing circuitry configured to: estimate a spatial spectrum associated with a plurality of wireless devices, determine active spatial directions for the plurality of wireless devices based at least on the estimated spatial spectrum, and determine Multiple User-Multiple Input Multiple Output, MU-MIMO, pairing based at least on the determined active spatial directions.

According to one aspect, a network node is provided. The network node including processing circuitry configured to: estimate a spatial spectrum associated with a plurality of wireless devices, determine active spatial directions for the plurality of wireless devices based at least on the estimated spatial spectrum, and determine Multiple User-Multiple Input Multiple Output, MU-MIMO, pairing based at least on the determined active spatial directions.

A first client station receives from an access point an indication of whether angular information is to be included in feedback information in a range measurement session. The first client station transmits a null data packet (NDP) as part of an uplink multi-user (MU) PHY transmission that also includes simultaneous transmissions by one or more second client stations of one or more other respective NDPs to the access point as part of the range measurement session. The first client station receives a downlink physical layer (PHY) data unit from the access point that includes respective downlink feedback frames for the first client station and the one or more second client stations. When angular information is to be included in the feedback, a downlink feedback frame for the first client station includes angular information.

A first client station receives from an access point an indication of whether angular information is to be included in feedback information in a range measurement session. The first client station transmits a null data packet (NDP) as part of an uplink multi-user (MU) PHY transmission that also includes simultaneous transmissions by one or more second client stations of one or more other respective NDPs to the access point as part of the range measurement session. The first client station receives a downlink physical layer (PHY) data unit from the access point that includes respective downlink feedback frames for the first client station and the one or more second client stations. When angular information is to be included in the feedback, a downlink feedback frame for the first client station includes angular information.

A method of wireless communication may include monitoring, by a first device, a medium for frames in response to preparing to transmit a first frame to a second device. The method may also include while monitoring the medium and before transmitting the first frame, obtaining a second frame transmitted by a third device in the medium and adjusting a transmission of the first frame to the second device in the medium based on obtaining the second frame.

A method of wireless communication may include monitoring, by a first device, a medium for frames in response to preparing to transmit a first frame to a second device. The method may also include while monitoring the medium and before transmitting the first frame, obtaining a second frame transmitted by a third device in the medium and adjusting a transmission of the first frame to the second device in the medium based on obtaining the second frame.

A space-based communications network (100) includes at least one central ground station (116) having a transceiver that is configured to communicate with satellites, such as cube satellites (110). The cube satellites (110) form an ad hoc network of orbital cube satellites, in which each of the cube satellites (110) communicate with each other. One of the cube satellites communicates with the ground station (116). A ground-based control system (1000) communicates with the central ground station (116). The control system (1000) continuously determines a configuration of the ad hoc network (100) and communicates network control information for the cube satellites (110) to maintain communications in the ad hoc network (100). The cube satellites (110) disseminate the network control to each other via the ad hoc network (100).

A space-based communications network (100) includes at least one central ground station (116) having a transceiver that is configured to communicate with satellites, such as cube satellites (110). The cube satellites (110) form an ad hoc network of orbital cube satellites, in which each of the cube satellites (110) communicate with each other. One of the cube satellites communicates with the ground station (116). A ground-based control system (1000) communicates with the central ground station (116). The control system (1000) continuously determines a configuration of the ad hoc network (100) and communicates network control information for the cube satellites (110) to maintain communications in the ad hoc network (100). The cube satellites (110) disseminate the network control to each other via the ad hoc network (100).

Presented herein are techniques to shield transmissions from being received and the information contained in them recovered by unwanted devices. Multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) techniques are employed, and in particular the spatial dimension aspects of those techniques. Shield nodes are controlled to transmit in a way to obscure the downlink streams transmitted by a wireless access point that are intended for a particular client device to anything outside of the shielded area, and also to obscure uplink streams from one or more client devices to the wireless access point to anything outside of the shielded area but allowing the uplink streams to be well received by the wireless access point.