Provided is a transmitting device which can expand a communication range when performing multicast/broadcast communication. The transmitting device includes a plurality of transmission antennas, and includes: a signal processor which generates a first baseband signal by modulating data of a first stream, and a second baseband signal by modulating data of a second stream; and a transmitter which generates, from the first baseband signal, first transmission signals having different directivities, generates, from the second baseband signal, second transmission signals having different directivities, and transmits the first transmission signals and the second transmission signals at a same time. When the transmitter has received, from a terminal, a request to transmit the first stream, the transmitter further generates, from the first baseband signal, third transmission signals which are different from the first transmission signals and have different directivities, and transmits the third transmission signals.

Described herein are variable-gain amplifier configurations that include a multi-input gain stage, a cascode buffer, and a bypass block. Degeneration switching blocks can be used for the entire multi-input gain stage or for individual input nodes of the multi-input gain stage. This advantageously reduces or eliminates performance penalties in one or more gain modes. The variable impedances can be configured to improve linearity of the amplification process in targeted gain modes. The variable gain amplifier can be configured to provide a low-loss bypass mode in a low gain mode to improve signal quality.

Fast calculation of channel state information using demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) is provided herein. The channel state information can be calculated by estimating the signal to noise ratio of a communication link based on the DM-RS, and then estimating the channel quality indicator based on the SINR. The advanced receivers can use list-based detection methods which the estimated SINR can improve the performance thereof. Channel state information is traditionally calculated based on the channel state reference signals (CS-RS). Demodulation reference signals, which are used for channel estimation for a data channel, are transmitted at different times than CS-RS however, and so some portions of the channel state information including layer indicator (LI) and channel quality indicator (CQI) can be calculated based on the demodulation reference signals, allowing a network to adapt more quickly to changing channel conditions, without having to transmit a CS-RS.

A method and apparatus for receive beam-forming in an analog domain. A user equipment may perform channel estimation for obtaining a set of channel responses for a plurality of antennas of the UE. The UE may determine a beamforming codeword for receive beamforming based on the set of channel responses. The UE may apply a training codeword to the received signal in analog domain. The training codeword includes phase adjustment coefficients for each antenna and a different training codeword may be applied for each channel observation. The UE may measure a metric for at least one candidate codeword based on the set of channel responses and determine the beamforming codeword based on the metric.

Fast calculation of channel state information using demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) is provided herein. The channel state information can be calculated by estimating the signal to noise ratio of a communication link based on the DM-RS, and then estimating the channel quality indicator based on the SINR. The advanced receivers can use list-based detection methods which the estimated SINR can improve the performance thereof. Channel state information is traditionally calculated based on the channel state reference signals (CS-RS). Demodulation reference signals, which are used for channel estimation for a data channel, are transmitted at different times than CS-RS however, and so some portions of the channel state information including layer indicator (LI) and channel quality indicator (CQI) can be calculated based on the demodulation reference signals, allowing a network to adapt more quickly to changing channel conditions, without having to transmit a CS-RS.

A radio apparatus in a radio communication system that includes the radio apparatus and a signal processing apparatus that function as a base station, includes a channel estimation unit that, on the basis of a radio signal transmitted from a terminal apparatus, measures a reception quality of the radio signal; and a transmission control unit that, on the basis of the reception quality measured by the channel estimation unit, controls transmission, to the signal processing apparatus, of bit data or a log likelihood ratio obtained from the radio signal.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described in which a user equipment (UE) may report to a base station a beam switching capability of the UE. The beam switching capability may include a number of beam switches that the UE is capable of performing within a single transmission slot. In some cases, the beam switches may be performed by a UE by applying a particular spatial domain filter for uplink or downlink communications that is associated with a particular transmission and reception beam. In some cases, the base station may schedule transmissions or beam switches during a slot based on the UE capability. The number of beam switches, in some cases, may be determined based on a rule set that defines one or more actions that are to be considered to be a beam change.

Described herein are variable-gain amplifier configurations that include a multi-input gain stage, a cascode buffer, and a bypass block. Degeneration switching blocks can be used for the entire multi-input gain stage or for individual input nodes of the multi-input gain stage. This advantageously reduces or eliminates performance penalties in one or more gain modes. The variable impedances can be configured to improve linearity of the amplification process in targeted gain modes. The variable gain amplifier can be configured to provide a low-loss bypass mode in a low gain mode to improve signal quality.

A frame error correction circuit may identify and correct errors in data frames provided to a receiver as part of a diversity communications scheme. The frame error correction circuit may further align the data frames so that the data frames can be compared. The frame error correction circuit may perform a bit-wise comparison of the data frames and identify inconsistent bit positions where bits in the data frames differ from one another. Once inconsistent bit positions have been identified, the frame error correction circuit may access a permutation table of permutations of bits at the inconsistent bit positions. In some implementations, the frame error correction circuit uses the permutation table to reassemble permutations of the data frames. In various implementations, the frame error correction circuit performs a CRC of each permutation of the data frames, and provides a valid permutation to a network.

A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beam in the beam group.