A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beamin the beam group.

Provided is a transmitting device which can expand a communication range when performing multicast/broadcast communication. The transmitting device includes a plurality of transmission antennas, and includes: a signal processor which generates a first baseband signal by modulating data of a first stream, and a second baseband signal by modulating data of a second stream; and a transmitter which generates, from the first baseband signal, first transmission signals having different directivities, generates, from the second baseband signal, second transmission signals having different directivities, and transmits the first transmission signals and the second transmission signals at a same time. When the transmitter has received, from a terminal, a request to transmit the first stream, the transmitter further generates, from the first baseband signal, third transmission signals which are different from the first transmission signals and have different directivities, and transmits the third transmission signals.

A frame error correction circuit may identify and correct errors in data frames provided to a receiver as part of a diversity communications scheme. The frame error correction circuit may further align the data frames so that the data frames can be compared. The frame error correction circuit may perform a bit-wise comparison of the data frames and identify inconsistent bit positions where bits in the data frames differ from one another. Once inconsistent bit positions have been identified, the frame error correction circuit may access a permutation table of permutations of bits at the inconsistent bit positions. In some implementations, the frame error correction circuit uses the permutation table to reassemble permutations of the data frames. In various implementations, the frame error correction circuit performs a CRC of each permutation of the data frames, and provides a valid permutation to a network.

A frame error correction circuit may identify and correct errors in data frames provided to a receiver as part of a diversity communications scheme. The frame error correction circuit may further align the data frames so that the data frames can be compared. The frame error correction circuit may perform a bit-wise comparison of the data frames and identify inconsistent bit positions where bits in the data frames differ from one another. Once inconsistent bit positions have been identified, the frame error correction circuit may access a permutation table of permutations of bits at the inconsistent bit positions. In some implementations, the frame error correction circuit uses the permutation table to reassemble permutations of the data frames. In various implementations, the frame error correction circuit performs a CRC of each permutation of the data frames, and provides a valid permutation to a network.

According to at least one example embodiment, a system of monitoring blood leaks during hemodialysis therapy includes a wetness sensing device and a hemodialysis machine. The wetness sensing device is configured to transmit information wirelessly, the information being indicative of an absence of a liquid or a presence of a liquid. The hemodialysis machine includes, or is coupled to, a wireless receiver having two or more antennas. Signals received at the two or more antennas are decoded at the wireless receiver. If decoded signals indicate a detected wetness, the hemodialysis machine is caused to halt blood flow in and out of the machine and generate an alarm.

Provided is a transmitting device which can expand a communication range when performing multicast/broadcast communication. The transmitting device includes a plurality of transmission antennas, and includes: a signal processor which generates a first baseband signal by modulating data of a first stream, and a second baseband signal by modulating data of a second stream; and a transmitter which generates, from the first baseband signal, first transmission signals having different directivities, generates, from the second baseband signal, second transmission signals having different directivities, and transmits the first transmission signals and the second transmission signals at a same time. When the transmitter has received, from a terminal, a request to transmit the first stream, the transmitter further generates, from the first baseband signal, third transmission signals which are different from the first transmission signals and have different directivities, and transmits the third transmission signals.

According to at least one example embodiment, a system of monitoring blood leaks during hemodialysis therapy includes a wetness sensing device and a hemodialysis machine. The wetness sensing device is configured to transmit information wirelessly, the information being indicative of an absence of a liquid or a presence of a liquid. The hemodialysis machine includes, or is coupled to, a wireless receiver having two or more antennas. Signals received at the two or more antennas are decoded at the wireless receiver. If decoded signals indicate a detected wetness, the hemodialysis machine is caused to halt blood flow in and out of the machine and generate an alarm.

An exemplary method comprises positioning a first antenna to receive a first signal from a second antenna, the second antenna comprising energy absorbing material that functions to expand beamwidth, receiving the first signal from the second antenna, detecting a plurality of gains based on the first signal, repositioning the first antenna relative to the second antenna to a position associated with an acceptable gain based on the first signal, removing at least some of the energy absorbing material from the second antenna to narrow the beamwidth of the second antenna, receiving, by the first antenna, a second signal from the second antenna, detecting a plurality of gains based on the second signal, and repositioning the first antenna relative to the second antenna to a position associated with an increased gain of the plurality of gains based on the second signal, the increased gain being greater than the acceptable gain.

Example beam failure detection methods and apparatus are described. In one example method, a first communication apparatus receives, from a second communication apparatus, time-related information for beam failure detection and an adjustment amount for adjusting a length of a beam failure detection interval. The first communication apparatus performs beam failure detection in the beam failure detection interval, wherein a length of the beam failure detection interval is determined based on the time-related information and the adjustment amount.

In one embodiment, a system for allocating clients between radios of an access point is disclosed. The system includes a first antenna coupled to a first radio, a second antenna coupled to a second radio, and a monitoring radio coupled to the first antenna and second antenna. The system includes computer-readable instructions that cause the system to receive at the monitoring radio, a first client attribute from each of a plurality of first client devices, and a second client attribute from each of a plurality of second client devices, and provide each aforementioned attribute to an optimization function. The system determines, with the optimization function, that one of the first radio and second radio will optimize performance for at least one device of the plurality of first client devices and second client devices and steer the at least one device accordingly.