In some examples, a first user equipment (UE) sends an indication to an application server that the first UE is to use a relay UE to access a network. The first UE receives, from the application server, a first identity different from a second identity of the first UE. The first UE uses the first identity to register with the network to authenticate the first UE.

A technology is described for a repeater. The repeater can be configured to: receive an access level indicator from a spectrum access system (SAS) for a selected contested frequency band; identify one or more sub-bands available to the repeater in the selected contested frequency band based on the access level indicator; and activate the repeater for the one or more sub-bands when the access level permits repeater access.

The described technology is generally directed towards dynamic resource coordination that supports multi-hop based relaying for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) in New Radio (5G). Described is a technology in which an IAB node and a serving parent node use wireless signaling to dynamically adapt downlink and uplink resources used for access and backhaul links. An IAB node receives scheduling data from a parent node, configures a frame structure comprising mobile termination function subframes and distributed unit component subframes, and communicates data based on the frame structure. The parent node explicitly or implicitly indicates that a portion of the scheduling data is adaptable, e.g., sends a dynamic frame structure coordination message. In response, the IAB node can adapt the frame structure into a modified frame structure and can communicate further data based on the modified frame structure.

A relaying method in a telecommunication system having a plurality of sources, a half-duplex relay and a recipient. The relay performs a receiving phase of: receiving codewords transmitted by the sources, including estimating for each source a message associated with the codewords transmitted by the source, error detection and decision of error-free decoded messages, which determine the set of sources decoded without error by the relay; a phase of coding and transmitting to the recipient a signal uniquely representative of the selection of messages, such that, after each reception of a block from different sources, the relay receives and decodes a return path from the destination indicating if no or at least one message is decoded without error, these messages determining the set of sources decoded without error. The relay switches from the receiving phase to the coding and transmission phase once a logic rule is valid.

Facilitating operation and support of mobile relays based on an integrated access and backhaul concept for advanced networks (e.g., 4G, 5G, 6G, and beyond) is provided. An embodiment relates to a communication network architecture that can comprise a control plane architecture of a relay node device. The control plane architecture can comprise a star-type architecture. Further, the communication network architecture can comprise a user plane architecture of the relay node device. The user plane architecture can be separated from (or independent of) the control plane architecture. Further, the user plane architecture can comprise a multi-hop architecture. The relay node device can be configured to operate according to a fifth generation wireless network communication protocol, or other advanced communication protocols.

A system for backscatter-based cooperative communication in a wireless-powered heterogeneous network includes a low-power access point, a hybrid access point, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The low-power access point transmits an unmodulated carrier. The hybrid access point is in communication with a primary device using a signal. Internet of Things (IoT) devices harvest energy of the unmodulated carrier and the signal, and each of the IoT devices sequentially transmits information to the hybrid access point through a bistatic backscatter communication-based cooperation mode or non-cooperation mode using the harvested energy.

Methods and systems for routing data are disclosed. In one aspect, service management can be implemented on one or more computing devices located between at least one router and one or more nodes. The one or more computing devices can be a default gateway for a plurality of user devices. In another aspect, the disclosed methods and systems can use a tag in routing a data block (e.g., service data) via a predefined route. For example, a device can transmit a request for a tag to a network node for routing a data block via a predefined route. Upon receiving the request, the network node can allocate a tag and create an interface. The interface can be associated with the tag and communications between the network node and the device for routing the data block.

A repeater configured to be connected to a network is provided. The repeater includes an uplink wireless transmission interface, a downlink wireless transmission interface, and a processing unit. The uplink wireless transmission interface is configured to establish an external wireless connection with the network. The downlink wireless transmission interface is configured to perform data transmission with the uplink wireless transmission interface and has an external wireless transmission function. The processing unit is configured to turn off the external wireless transmission function of the downlink wireless transmission interface when the connection between the uplink wireless transmission interface and the network is disconnected.

Provided are a method and a Base Station (BS) for transmitting a control channel and a method and a User Equipment (UE) for receiving a control channel in a wireless communication system. The BS includes: a transceiver; and at least one processor configured to control the transceiver to receive Beam State Information (BSI) from the UE through at least one first beam, identify a second beam, based on the BSI, and control the transceiver to transmit a first BSI request to the UE through the second beam, identify a third beam, based on information on the at least one first beam, and determine whether control the transceiver to transmit the control channel to the UE through the third beam.

In some examples, a first user equipment (UE) sends an indication to an application server that the first UE is to use a relay UE to access a network. The first UE receives, from the application server, a first identity different from a second identity of the first UE. The first UE uses the first identity to register with the network to authenticate the first UE.