Wireless communications systems and methods related to communicating a sequence-based signal in a frequency spectrum are provided. A first wireless communication device obtains a configuration for communicating a sequence-based signal in the frequency spectrum. The configuration indicates resources in a frequency spectrum and a frequency distribution mode of the resources. The first wireless communication device communicates the sequence-based signal with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum based on the configuration. The sequence-based signal includes at least one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal or a physical random access channel (PRACH) signal. The frequency distribution mode indicates at least one of a frequency interlaced structure, a frequency comb structure, or a frequency mini-interlaced structure.

A method comprising transmitting signals to one or more communications devices within a radio coverage area provided by infrastructure equipment, the infrastructure equipment forming either part of a non-terrestrial network of a wireless communications network and wherein the radio coverage area forms a spot beam of the non-terrestrial network, or part of a terrestrial network and wherein the radio coverage area is a cell of a terrestrial network, wherein the transmitting the signals includes transmitting signalling information indicating that one or more neighbouring coverage areas to the radio coverage area provided by the infrastructure equipment are either formed by a spot beam of a non-terrestrial network, a spot beam of the non-terrestrial network of which the infrastructure equipment forms part, a cell of a terrestrial network or a cell of the terrestrial network of which the infrastructure equipment forms part.

Wireless communications systems and methods related to communicating a sequence-based signal in a frequency spectrum are provided. A first wireless communication device obtains a configuration for communicating a sequence-based signal in the frequency spectrum. The configuration indicates resources in a frequency spectrum and a frequency distribution mode of the resources. The first wireless communication device communicates the sequence-based signal with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum based on the configuration. The sequence-based signal includes at least one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal or a physical random access channel (PRACH) signal. The frequency distribution mode indicates at least one of a frequency interlaced structure, a frequency comb structure, or a frequency mini-interlaced structure.

Some embodiments relate to a full-duplex relay for a telecommunications system comprising a plurality of sources, the relay, and a destination. The relay comprises a decoder which estimates for each source a code word x.sub.S,t encoding a K-bit message u.sub.S,t, from received blocks corresponding to successive code words x.sub.S,t transmitted simultaneously by the sources during T time slots, such that at each time slot t, t=1, . . . , T, a code word x.sub.S,t comprises B blocks x.sub.S,t.sup.(1), x.sub.S,t.sup.(2), . . . , x.sub.S,t.sup.(B) of which the first can be decoded independently of the other blocks. It also comprises a decision component which enables the relay to detect messages that have been decoded without error and to take a decision and an encoder and transmitter which encode a signal and transmit it to the destination, which signal is representative only of messages that have been decoded without error. After each received block, the encoding and transmission unit is under the control of the decision component.

Some embodiments relate to a full-duplex relay for a telecommunications system comprising a plurality of sources, the relay, and a destination. The relay comprises a decoder which estimates for each source a code word x.sub.S,t encoding a K-bit message u.sub.S,t, from received blocks corresponding to successive code words x.sub.S,t transmitted simultaneously by the sources during T time slots, such that at each time slot t, t=1, . . . , T, a code word x.sub.S,t comprises B blocks x.sub.S,t.sup.(1), x.sub.S,t.sup.(2), . . . , x.sub.S,t.sup.(B) of which the first can be decoded independently of the other blocks. It also comprises a decision component which enables the relay to detect messages that have been decoded without error and to take a decision and an encoder and transmitter which encode a signal and transmit it to the destination, which signal is representative only of messages that have been decoded without error. After each received block, the encoding and transmission unit is under the control of the decision component.

A photoelectric sensor uses a selective pulse detection technique and associated synchronization techniques to improve the quality of pulse detection, the operating range of the sensor, and the sensor's immunity to noise. These improvements also yield faster sensor response times and reduce the design cycle time. A modulated light beam emitted by the sensor's emitter comprises multiple pulse periods, with a pulse being transmitted within each period. The pulses are positioned within their respective periods at a defined offset time relative to the start of the periods, where the offset time can vary between periods according to a defined pattern. The receiver can selectively sample the signal based on synchronization information to determine whether the received signal contains the emitted pulse pattern. Through-beam sensor embodiments can generate the synchronization information internally based on an analysis of the analog signal corresponding to the modulated signal.

A system and related method for minimizing co-channel interference in air-to-ground single-frequency networking includes aircraft-based directional and omnidirectional antenna arrays for transmitting to single frequency networks (SFN) (e.g., LTE, HSPA) and their cell sites. The directional array may encompass several cell sites to take advantage of C-RAN architectures. The system may default to the directional array to establish or re-establish network access, identifying accessible networks and sites and monitoring corresponding synchronization cell counts. The system may minimize co-channel interference with terrestrial network users by switching to the directional array if the count of accessible cell sites or networks becomes high enough, or due to additional factors (e.g., climbing above a threshold altitude). Similarly, the system may switch to the omnidirectional array if the cell count drops below a threshold level.

A photoelectric sensor uses a selective pulse detection technique and associated synchronization techniques to improve the quality of pulse detection, the operating range of the sensor, and the sensor's immunity to noise. These improvements also yield faster sensor response times and reduce the design cycle time. A modulated light beam emitted by the sensor's emitter comprises multiple pulse periods, with a pulse being transmitted within each period. The pulses are positioned within their respective periods at a defined offset time relative to the start of the periods, where the offset time can vary between periods according to a defined pattern. The receiver can selectively sample the signal based on synchronization information to determine whether the received signal contains the emitted pulse pattern. Through-beam sensor embodiments can generate the synchronization information internally based on an analysis of the analog signal corresponding to the modulated signal.

Some embodiments relate to a full-duplex relay for a telecommunications system comprising a plurality of sources, the relay, and a destination. The relay comprises a decoder which estimates for each source a code word x.sub.S,t encoding a K-bit message u.sub.S,t, from received blocks corresponding to successive code words x.sub.S,t transmitted simultaneously by the sources during T time slots, such that at each time slot t, t=1, . . . , T, a code word x.sub.S,t comprises B blocks x.sub.S,t.sup.(1), x.sub.S,t.sup.(2), . . . , x.sub.S,t.sup.(B) of which the first can be decoded independently of the other blocks. It also comprises a decision component which enables the relay to detect messages that have been decoded without error and to take a decision and an encoder and transmitter which encode a signal and transmit it to the destination, which signal is representative only of messages that have been decoded without error. After each received block, the encoding and transmission unit is under the control of the decision component.

A photoelectric sensor uses a selective pulse detection technique and associated synchronization techniques to improve the quality of pulse detection, the operating range of the sensor, and the sensor's immunity to noise. These improvements also yield faster sensor response times and reduce the design cycle time. A modulated light beam emitted by the sensor's emitter comprises multiple pulse periods, with a pulse being transmitted within each period. The pulses are positioned within their respective periods at a defined offset time relative to the start of the periods, where the offset time can vary between periods according to a defined pattern. The receiver can selectively sample the signal based on synchronization information to determine whether the received signal contains the emitted pulse pattern. Through-beam sensor embodiments can generate the synchronization information internally based on an analysis of the analog signal corresponding to the modulated signal.