A multi-mode communication adapter system comprising: a mobile Earth station including: a flat panel antenna configured to receive a down-link satellite packet, wherein the flat panel antenna includes a waveguide interposer, a satellite Rx/Tx, coupled to the flat panel antenna, configured to decode the down-link satellite packet, a storage device, coupled to the satellite Rx/Tx, configured to store satellite data from the down-link satellite packet, a first interface module, coupled to the storage device, configured to encode and transfer the satellite data as a cellular communication packet, a second interface module, coupled to the storage device, configured to encode and transfer the satellite data as a WiFi packet, and a multi-band transceiver, coupled to the first interface module and the second interface module, configured to concurrently transfer the cellular communication packet and the WiFi packet without accessing a local infrastructure; and a protective cover encloses the mobile Earth station.

Methods for cell measurement, a terminal device and a network device are provided. The method for cell measurement includes: a terminal device receiving system information message, the system information message including coverage information; the terminal device performing a cell measurement corresponding to a frequency point according to the system information message, the frequency point including a frequency point associated with a satellite.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A communication device, such as a user equipment (UE) may identify information for transmitting to a base station of a non-terrestrial network. The UE may identify that one or more resources allocated for transmitting the information are available based at least in part on identifying the information. The one or more resources include one or more types of uplink resources including physical random access channel (PRACH) resources or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources for the random access procedure, a PUSCH for a scheduling request (SR), or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for a configured grant, or a combination thereof. As a result, the UE may transmit, to the base station, a message over the one or more resources allocated for the information based at least in part on identifying the one or more resources.

A bandwidth part switching method, is applicable to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) to implement BWP switching based on multi-color frequency-division multiplexing. In the method, a terminal device may report, in a second BWP to a network device, an index of a first SSB whose signal quality is greater than or equal to a first threshold in one or more SSBs in a first BWP, and switch from the second BWP to a third BWP. The one or more SSBs correspond to at least one BWP other than the first BWP, and the third BWP is in the at least one BWP and corresponds to the first SSB. After receiving the index of the first SSB in the second BWP, the network device determines the third BWP, and performs service data transmission with the terminal device in the third BWP.

Disclosed are techniques for paging a user terminal (UT) in a non-terrestrial network (NTN), which may define a plurality of NTN tracking areas (TA). Each NTN TA, served by one or more satellite beams, may move or may be a geographic region. The UT may report its location before changing its connection state with the NTN and may also update its location whenever it moves a threshold distance from the previous reported location. The NTN may estimate UT's current location based on the last reported location and other factors including mobility of the UT. The NTN may determine a UT TA as the NTN TA that corresponds to the current location, and may page the UT through one or more satellite beams corresponding to the UT TA.

A method for random access and a communication device are provided. The method includes the following. A time window used by a terminal device for reception of a downlink (DL) message during random access is determined according to first information and/or second information. The second information represents a distance between the terminal device and a network device. The first information includes an adjustment parameter, the adjustment parameter is used for adjusting a nominal value of a time parameter of the time window, and the time parameter includes a duration and/or an offset of the time window.

Embodiments of the present application are directed to a method and apparatus for delay indication. The method may include: receiving at least one signaling indicating at least one of a timing advance (TA) and a time domain difference between reception on a downlink (DL) channel and transmission on an uplink (UL) channel; and determining the at least one of the TA and the time domain difference based on the at least one signaling.

A system to provide second generation (2G) voice services over internet protocol, the system including: a voice gateway (VGW) including a 2G stack to communicate control plane information and user plane information with a 2G user terminal (UT) via a circuit-switched network without modifications to the 2G-UT, an Iu-CS IP stack, and a relay to map the control plane information between the 2G stack and the Iu-CS IP stack, and vice-versa; a mobile switching center (MSC), connected to the VGW via the Iu-CS IP stack, to manage and establish the voice services between the 2G-UT and a public switched telephone network (PSTN) based on the mapped control plane information; and a media gateway (MGW) connected to the VGW via the Iu-CS IP stack, where the MGW communicates the user plane information between the 2G-UT and the PSTN after the MSC 2-G UT vocoder, e.g. AMBE, has established voice services.

The present invention provides a method of performing by a UE device a random access attempt in a communication system comprising at least one non-terrestrial transmission station, the method comprising receiving reference signals transmitted by the non-terrestrial transmission station; determining from the received reference signals a trip time between the UE device and the non-terrestrial transmission station; and using the trip time to control the random access attempt.

A method of enabling communication between a user equipment (UE) and a non-terrestrial network (NTN), is described. The UE may be able to calculate a timing advance compensation. The timing advance compensation may be a differential or full timing advance compensation. An offset value, K.sub.offset, may be indicated to the UE. The K.sub.offset value may be used for timing relationships.