A multi-mode communication adapter system comprising: a mobile Earth station including: a flat panel antenna configured to receive a down-link satellite packet, wherein the flat panel antenna includes a waveguide interposer, a satellite Rx/Tx, coupled to the flat panel antenna, configured to decode the down-link satellite packet, a storage device, coupled to the satellite Rx/Tx, configured to store satellite data from the down-link satellite packet, a first interface module, coupled to the storage device, configured to encode and transfer the satellite data as a cellular communication packet, a second interface module, coupled to the storage device, configured to encode and transfer the satellite data as a WiFi packet, and a multi-band transceiver, coupled to the first interface module and the second interface module, configured to concurrently transfer the cellular communication packet and the WiFi packet without accessing a local infrastructure; and a protective cover encloses the mobile Earth station.

Methods, systems, and devices are described for supporting delta coding for remote sensing. For example, a system supporting remote sensing of information may include a processing capability configured for determining differences between the sensed information and a baseline condition, such as a base map of information. The determined differences from the baseline condition may be communicated over communication link (e.g., a wireless communication link, a satellite communication link), which may be referred to as or be otherwise associated with a delta coding of information sensed by the remote sensor system. In some examples, delta coding may support a smaller transfer of information over a communication link than communicating an entirety of sensed information. By communicating such difference information, the remote sensor system may accordingly support updating information more efficiently, more frequently, more rapidly, or more reliably, among other benefits.

A system includes an antenna of a ground station. The antenna is configured to generate signal beams. The signal beams define a plurality of cells in the sky. The antenna is fixed in position relative to the ground and mechanically fixed to a particular orientation. The antenna is a phased array antenna. The system also includes a processor coupled to the antenna. The processor is configured to support concurrent communication sessions with a plurality of spacecraft via the signal beams. The plurality of spacecraft is located within the plurality of cells.

A system includes an antenna of a ground station. The antenna is configured to generate signal beams. The signal beams define a plurality of cells in the sky. The antenna is fixed in position relative to the ground and mechanically fixed to a particular orientation. The antenna is a phased array antenna. The system also includes a processor coupled to the antenna. The processor is configured to support concurrent communication sessions with a plurality of spacecraft via the signal beams. The plurality of spacecraft is located within the plurality of cells.

A source terminal, for communications with a destination terminal via satellite links to two clusters of satellites, comprises a transmitter and a multibeam antenna system. The transmitter includes a preprocessor and a bank of modulators. The preprocessor performs a K-muxing transform, which has an inverse transform, on M concurrent input data streams to generate concurrently M output data streams, M>1. Each output data stream is a linear combination of the M concurrent input data streams. The bank of modulators transforms N of the M output data streams into N signal streams, N≤M. The multibeam antenna system transforms the N signal streams into N shaped beams and radiating N.sub.1 of the N shaped beams towards the first cluster of satellites and N.sub.2 of the N shaped beams towards the second cluster of satellites, where N.sub.1 and N.sub.2 are positive integers and N.sub.1+N.sub.2=N.

A source terminal, for communications with a destination terminal via satellite links to two clusters of satellites, comprises a transmitter and a multibeam antenna system. The transmitter includes a preprocessor and a bank of modulators. The preprocessor performs a K-muxing transform, which has an inverse transform, on M concurrent input data streams to generate concurrently M output data streams, M>1. Each output data stream is a linear combination of the M concurrent input data streams. The bank of modulators transforms N of the M output data streams into N signal streams, N≤M. The multibeam antenna system transforms the N signal streams into N shaped beams and radiating N.sub.1 of the N shaped beams towards the first cluster of satellites and N.sub.2 of the N shaped beams towards the second cluster of satellites, where N.sub.1 and N.sub.2 are positive integers and N.sub.1+N.sub.2=N.

A satellite Automatic Identification System (AIS) is for tracking a plurality of maritime vessels and may include a ground AIS server and a constellation of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in communication with the ground AIS server. Each LEO satellite may include an AIS payload configured to receive AIS messages from the plurality of maritime vessels and determine therefrom reported vessel position data, determine actual signal arrival measurements for the AIS messages, and determine a potential spoofing maritime vessel based upon the reported vessel position data and actual signal arrival measurements. The ground AIS server may be configured to determine an actual spoofing maritime vessel and associated geographic spoof size based upon the reported vessel position data and actual signal arrival measurements for the potential spoofing maritime vessel.

A satellite Automatic Identification System (AIS) is for tracking a plurality of maritime vessels and may include a ground AIS server and a constellation of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in communication with the ground AIS server. Each LEO satellite may include an AIS payload configured to receive AIS messages from the plurality of maritime vessels and determine therefrom reported vessel position data, determine actual signal arrival measurements for the AIS messages, and determine a potential spoofing maritime vessel based upon the reported vessel position data and actual signal arrival measurements. The ground AIS server may be configured to determine an actual spoofing maritime vessel and associated geographic spoof size based upon the reported vessel position data and actual signal arrival measurements for the potential spoofing maritime vessel.

Disclosed embodiments relate to modular antenna systems. In one example, an antenna system includes M user terminal elements, each being application-agnostic and including an antenna either to generate an incoming signal in response to incident satellite radio waves or to transmit an outgoing signal, and an active circuit to process the incoming and outgoing signals, a control circuit to control the processing performed by the M active circuits, and N user terminal modules (UTM) each including a daisy-chain of O of the M active circuits, each UTM further including a buffer placed after every P active circuits in order to correct any degradation that has occurred in the daisy-chain, and wherein M can be adjusted so that an antenna area and a corresponding throughput and bandwidth available to an application are adjustable and scalable.

A method performed on-board by a satellite for processing a signal received from a terminal during a current time interval, includes receiving, during the current time interval, a main signal containing a message from a terminal, each message having a priority level; sampling the main signal to obtain samples; storing the obtained samples into the satellite memory; first demodulating the messages corresponding to the current time interval contained in the samples stored in memory; when the satellite is in the range of a ground station, transmitting to the ground station the content of the memory. The first demodulating includes, for each message of the messages contained in the samples and by priority order: demodulating and decoding the message; forwarding, using direct link or inter-satellite-link, the demodulated message to a ground station; estimating the number of remaining non-demodulated messages in the samples stored in the memory.