An optical transmitter transmits a data signal. The optical transmitter includes an encoder configured to encode the data signal by selecting based on a bit sequence, a first symbol and a second symbol from a set of four symbols for each one of at least two transmission time slots. The optical transmitter further includes a modulator configured to use in each transmission time slot the first symbol to modulate a first carrier wave and the second symbol to modulate a second carrier wave, and to transmit the two carrier waves over orthogonal polarizations of an optical carrier. Symbols in consecutive transmission time slots have non-identical polarization states.

Devices, systems and methods for encoding information using optical components are described. Information associated with a first optical signal (e.g., an optical pump) is encoded onto the phase of a second optical signal (e.g., an optical probe) using cross phase modulation (XPM) in a non-linear optical medium. The optical signals are multiplexed together into the nonlinear optical medium. The probe experiences a modified index of refraction as it propagates through the medium and thus accumulates a phase change proportional to the intensity of the pump. The disclosed devices can be incorporated into larger components and systems for various applications such as scientific diagnostics, radar, remote sensing, wireless communications, and quantum computing that can benefit from encoding and generation of low noise, high resolution signals. Examples of the encoded information includes intrinsic noise from the optical source, or others signals of interest, such as electrical, optical, X-ray, or high-energy particle signals.

Devices, systems and methods for encoding information using optical components are described. Information associated with a first optical signal (e.g., an optical pump) is encoded onto the phase of a second optical signal (e.g., an optical probe) using cross phase modulation (XPM) in a non-linear optical medium. The optical signals are multiplexed together into the nonlinear optical medium. The probe experiences a modified index of refraction as it propagates through the medium and thus accumulates a phase change proportional to the intensity of the pump. The disclosed devices can be incorporated into larger components and systems for various applications such as scientific diagnostics, radar, remote sensing, wireless communications, and quantum computing that can benefit from encoding and generation of low noise, high resolution signals. Examples of the encoded information includes intrinsic noise from the optical source, or others signals of interest, such as electrical, optical, X-ray, or high-energy particle signals.

Various example embodiments relate to an apparatus and method for nonlinear equalization based on an absolute operation, and may be configured to generate coefficients and compensate for nonlinear distortions by using an absolute operation for an input signal based the coefficients.

A wideband device for measuring the cross-correlation of a first signal and a second signal, includes a first frequency-shifting optical cavity comprising a first frequency shifter designed to shift the optical frequency of the first signal by a first frequency f1 per round trip in the first cavity, the first cavity having a first trip time 1; a second frequency-shifting optical cavity comprising a second frequency shifter designed to shift the optical frequency of the second signal by a second frequency f2 per round trip in the second cavity, the second cavity having a second trip time 2; the first and the second optical cavity being designed such that a maximum number of round trips of the first and the second signal in the first and the second cavity is equal to predetermined N, a detector designed to coherently detect the first signal transmitted by the first cavity and the second signal transmitted by the second cavity and generate a photocurrent (Tr) proportional to a luminous intensity detected by the detector, a low-pass filter designed to filter frequencies of the photocurrent that are lower than min (I), a processor configured to compute a Fourier transform of the photocurrent, so as to generate an output signal that is representative (II).

A wideband device for measuring the cross-correlation of a first signal and a second signal, includes a first frequency-shifting optical cavity comprising a first frequency shifter designed to shift the optical frequency of the first signal by a first frequency f1 per round trip in the first cavity, the first cavity having a first trip time 1; a second frequency-shifting optical cavity comprising a second frequency shifter designed to shift the optical frequency of the second signal by a second frequency f2 per round trip in the second cavity, the second cavity having a second trip time 2; the first and the second optical cavity being designed such that a maximum number of round trips of the first and the second signal in the first and the second cavity is equal to predetermined N, a detector designed to coherently detect the first signal transmitted by the first cavity and the second signal transmitted by the second cavity and generate a photocurrent (Tr) proportional to a luminous intensity detected by the detector, a low-pass filter designed to filter frequencies of the photocurrent that are lower than min (I), a processor configured to compute a Fourier transform of the photocurrent, so as to generate an output signal that is representative (II).

A method for all-optical reduction of inter-channel crosstalk for spectrally overlapped optical signals for maximizing utilization of an available spectrum includes receiving a plurality of spectrally overlapped optical signals modulated with data. The method further includes generating conjugate copies of each of the plurality of optical signals using non-linear optics. The method further includes selecting the conjugate copies and adjusting an amplitude, a phase, and a delay of the conjugate copies. The method further includes performing inter-channel interference (ICI) compensation on the spectrally overlapped optical signals in an optical domain by adding the adjusted conjugate copies to the spectrally overlapped optical signals.

A method for all-optical reduction of inter-channel crosstalk for spectrally overlapped optical signals for maximizing utilization of an available spectrum includes receiving a plurality of spectrally overlapped optical signals modulated with data. The method further includes generating conjugate copies of each of the plurality of optical signals using non-linear optics. The method further includes selecting the conjugate copies and adjusting an amplitude, a phase, and a delay of the conjugate copies. The method further includes performing inter-channel interference (ICI) compensation on the spectrally overlapped optical signals in an optical domain by adding the adjusted conjugate copies to the spectrally overlapped optical signals.

A processor of an apparatus is configured to apply one or more control algorithms using estimated data to adjust the one or more control parameters of a section of an optical fiber network. The estimated data are derived from measurements of optical signals in the section and from knowledge of the section. The estimated data is a function of optical nonlinearity and of amplified spontaneous emission.

A processor of an apparatus is configured to apply one or more control algorithms using estimated data to adjust the one or more control parameters of a section of an optical fiber network. The estimated data are derived from measurements of optical signals in the section and from knowledge of the section. The estimated data is a function of optical nonlinearity and of amplified spontaneous emission.