A signal measurement method and a communication apparatus to measure a downlink angle of departure (DAOD) more accurately. The method includes: receiving resource configuration information, where the resource configuration information includes configuration information of a first reference signal set, the first reference signal set includes M reference signals, N reference signals in the M reference signals are reference reference signals, M is greater than 1, and N is greater than or equal to 1; receiving the M reference signals; determining N first paths corresponding to the N reference reference signals, and separately determining M*N received powers of the M reference signals on the N first paths; and reporting a measurement result, where the measurement result includes K*N received powers in M*N received powers, K≤M, and the first path is one of a plurality of paths corresponding to a reference reference signal.

Methods, systems, and devices for power control for random access protocols in mobile communication technology are described. An exemplary method for wireless communication includes broadcasting, by a network node serving a cell, an indication of a transmit power level that is specific to the cell, wherein the indication is for use by a wireless device operating in the cell for a two-step random access procedure. Another exemplary method for wireless communication includes receiving, by a wireless device operating in a cell served by a network node, an indication of a transmit power level that is specific to the cell for use in a two-step random access procedure, and transmitting, at the transmit power level, a first message of the two-step random access procedure.

A configuration for a wireless device to perform iterations of SIM to detect clutter echo in order to improve a configuration for SIM. The apparatus performs a SIM for multiple beam pairs based on a first transmission power. The apparatus performs an iteration of the SIM for one or more beam pairs that meet a criteria. The iteration of the SIM is based on a second transmission power. The second transmission power is greater than the first transmission power.

A spatial data creating apparatus receives, the data for estimation being used to create spatial data that associate a location of a target area with value relating the location based on data acquired from a first group of sensors, the data for evaluation being acquired from a second group of sensors installed at a different location(s), classifies the data for evaluation based on difference between the data for evaluation and the value of the spatial data, creates subspace data that forms a part of the spatial data using data acquired from the first group of sensors selected based on the location(s) at which the data for evaluation is acquired, the location(s) being classified by the data classifying part among the data for estimation, determines whether or not the subspace data is adopted by comparing the subspace data with the data for evaluation.

A spatial data creating apparatus receives, the data for estimation being used to create spatial data that associate a location of a target area with value relating the location based on data acquired from a first group of sensors, the data for evaluation being acquired from a second group of sensors installed at a different location(s), classifies the data for evaluation based on difference between the data for evaluation and the value of the spatial data, creates subspace data that forms a part of the spatial data using data acquired from the first group of sensors selected based on the location(s) at which the data for evaluation is acquired, the location(s) being classified by the data classifying part among the data for estimation, determines whether or not the subspace data is adopted by comparing the subspace data with the data for evaluation.

A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beam in the beam group.

A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beam in the beam group.

Multiple Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements are obtained at a sampling location for non-millimeter wave radio signals of multiple non-millimeter wave frequencies originating from an antenna site of a base station. A line-of-sight (LOS) distance, an azimuth angle, and an elevation angle between the antenna site and the sampling location are computed. A corresponding Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) measurement at the sampling location for each non-millimeter wave radio signal of the non-millimeter wave radio signals is calculated based on a radio transmission power and an antenna gain factor associated with each non-millimeter wave radio signal. A corresponding path loss exponent at the sampling location for each non-millimeter wave radio signal is then computed based at least on a difference between a corresponding RSRP measurement and the corresponding EIRP measurement, the LOS distance, and a wavelength of a corresponding non-millimeter wave frequency.

Multiple Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements are obtained at a sampling location for non-millimeter wave radio signals of multiple non-millimeter wave frequencies originating from an antenna site of a base station. A line-of-sight (LOS) distance, an azimuth angle, and an elevation angle between the antenna site and the sampling location are computed. A corresponding Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) measurement at the sampling location for each non-millimeter wave radio signal of the non-millimeter wave radio signals is calculated based on a radio transmission power and an antenna gain factor associated with each non-millimeter wave radio signal. A corresponding path loss exponent at the sampling location for each non-millimeter wave radio signal is then computed based at least on a difference between a corresponding RSRP measurement and the corresponding EIRP measurement, the LOS distance, and a wavelength of a corresponding non-millimeter wave frequency.

Various aspects provide a radiohead circuit and a communication device including the radiohead circuit. In an example, the radiohead circuit includes an antenna interface, a radio frequency front end configured to receive a channel scan information including an information related to a target communication channel to be scanned from a communication device processor, perform an energy scan for detecting an activity of the target communication channel based on the channel scan information, generate an activity information including an information as to whether there is the activity on the target communication channel, and provide the activity information to a communication interface; the communication interface configured to couple the processor to a radiohead circuit-external processor external to the radiohead circuit.