A backward compatible frame reuse mechanism that allows new information to be defined a reused frame without causing any incorrect operation in a legacy receive device. To generate a reused frame, a portion of the frame in the first format is masked with a predetermined masking sequence (PMS) and thereby redefined as new fields in a second format. When a device that supports the reuse scheme receives a frame that possible is a reused frame, the device checks the potentially reused portion according to the first format after de-masking and also checks according to the second format without de-masking. Based on the check results, the device selects a format to resolve the frame. A legacy device receiving the reused frame only checks the reused portion without de-masking, which results in a certain check error and makes the device discard the frame without any harmful operation.

An improved autonegotiation approach includes determining that a negotiated rate between a first network device and a second network device exceeds data transfer capacity over a network path downstream of the second network device. In response, a configuration message is generated and transmitted to the first network device. When received by the first network device, the configuration message causes the first network device to limit data transfer between the first network device and the second network device to no more than the downstream data transfer capacity.

An improved autonegotiation approach includes determining that a negotiated rate between a first network device and a second network device exceeds data transfer capacity over a network path downstream of the second network device. In response, a configuration message is generated and transmitted to the first network device. When received by the first network device, the configuration message causes the first network device to limit data transfer between the first network device and the second network device to no more than the downstream data transfer capacity.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data transmission method and a device, and the method includes: determining synchronization header indication information indicating a frame header location of a first code stream, where the first code stream is obtained by encoding CPRI service data; decoding the first code stream to obtain a second code stream, where the first code stream is a 10B code stream, and the second code stream is an 8B code stream, or the first code stream is a 66B code stream, and the second code stream is a 64B code stream; inserting frame header indication information indicating a frame header location of the second code stream into the second code stream according to the synchronization header indication information; and mapping the second code stream and the frame header indication information into an OPU in an ODU frame.

The technology disclosed herein enables synchronization of routing information between at least two edge systems in an edge system cluster. In a particular embodiment, a method provides, in each of the edge systems, receiving network routing information from a plurality of routers that route outbound network traffic from the edge systems and synchronizing the network routing information between the edge systems. Additionally, in each of the edge systems, the method provides receiving outbound network traffic via a logical router spanning the edge systems and routing the outbound network traffic from the edge systems in accordance with the network routing information after synchronization.

The technology disclosed herein enables synchronization of routing information between at least two edge systems in an edge system cluster. In a particular embodiment, a method provides, in each of the edge systems, receiving network routing information from a plurality of routers that route outbound network traffic from the edge systems and synchronizing the network routing information between the edge systems. Additionally, in each of the edge systems, the method provides receiving outbound network traffic via a logical router spanning the edge systems and routing the outbound network traffic from the edge systems in accordance with the network routing information after synchronization.

An improved autonegotiation approach includes determining that a negotiated rate between a first network device and a second network device exceeds data transfer capacity over a network path downstream of the second network device. In response, a configuration message is generated and transmitted to the first network device. When received by the first network device, the configuration message causes the first network device to limit data transfer between the first network device and the second network device to no more than the downstream data transfer capacity.

An improved autonegotiation approach includes determining that a negotiated rate between a first network device and a second network device exceeds data transfer capacity over a network path downstream of the second network device. In response, a configuration message is generated and transmitted to the first network device. When received by the first network device, the configuration message causes the first network device to limit data transfer between the first network device and the second network device to no more than the downstream data transfer capacity.

The technology disclosed herein enables synchronization of routing information between at least two edge systems in an edge system cluster. In a particular embodiment, a method provides, in each of the edge systems, receiving network routing information from a plurality of routers that route outbound network traffic from the edge systems and synchronizing the network routing information between the edge systems. Additionally, in each of the edge systems, the method provides receiving outbound network traffic via a logical router spanning the edge systems and routing the outbound network traffic from the edge systems in accordance with the network routing information after synchronization.

A data transmission method and apparatus, a network device, and a storage medium are provided. In the method, a first network device determines whether there is a packet to be sent at a switching moment of a current time window; and the first network device sends a preset identification packet to a second network device in a case where there is no packet to be sent at the switching moment of the current time window, wherein the preset identification packet carries a window value of the current time window, and the window value is used for enabling the second network device to determine switching moments of different time windows of the first network device.