Methods and systems of a disaggregated integrated synchronous optical network (SONET) and optical transport network (OTN) switching system that includes using plug-in universal (PIU) modules for OTN to Ethernet transceiving, SONET PIU modules for Ethernet to SONET transceiving, and an Ethernet fabric as a switching core are disclosed. An OTN over Ethernet module in each of the PIU modules and an Ethernet over SONET module in each of the SONET PIU modules may enable various SONET and OTN functionality to be realized using the Ethernet fabric which may include multiple Ethernet switches.

A node configured to support multi-service with Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) includes circuitry configured to receive a client signal, wherein the client signal is different from a FlexE client; and circuitry configured to map the client signal into a FlexE shim. A method, implemented in a node, for supporting multi-service with Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) includes receiving a client signal, wherein the client signal is different from a FlexE client; and mapping the client signal into a FlexE shim.

A transmission device includes: a signal receiving part configured to receive a time division multiplexing signal in which a plurality of packets are stored; a separating part configured to separate the plurality of packets from the time division multiplexing signal; an assigning part configured to assign an identifier corresponding to a stored position in the time division multiplexing signal to each of the plurality of packets; and a packet transmitting part configured to transmit at least two packets having different identifiers out of the plurality of packets through a common transmission path.

A data processing device includes: a FIFO buffer; a write circuit writing data in the buffer according to a write clock signal; a read circuit reading data from the buffer according to a read clock signal, a PLL circuit conducting a phase synchronization processing of the read clock signal based on a phase difference between the write and read clock signals and outputting a notification signal when the phase difference becomes within a predetermined range; a write control circuit controlling a timing when the write circuit starts writing based on the notification signal; a read control circuit comparing an address in which data is written and a reference address and controlling a timing when the read circuit starts reading based on a comparison result; and a correction circuit correcting the reference address with a value corresponding to the phase difference obtained when the notification signal has been output.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a data frame transmission method and a related device. The method includes: first, generating a data frame, where an overhead area of the data frame includes a target bit, the target bit simultaneously indicates at least two multiframes, the multiframe includes a plurality of consecutive data frames, different multiframes include different quantities of data frames, different overhead information is inserted into the different multiframes, and the data frame is an optical transport network OTN data frame; and then sending the data frame.

A transmission apparatus includes: a data signal processor to add first data of a control signal to a data signal received, and transmit the data signal; a first signal output module to output second data of the control signal; an update controller to control an update of a function included in the first signal output module; and a second signal output module, when receiving a notice of an instruction for updating the function from the update controller, to output the first data that is the second data held therein when the notice thereof is received, wherein the second signal output module, when receiving a notice of a completion for updating the function from the update controller, outputs the first data that is the second data received from the first signal output module updated by the update controller.

Methods, systems, and media for presenting contextually relevant information are provided. In some implementations, the method includes: receiving information associated with a user of a user device from multiple data sources, where the user device comprises a display; identifying, without user intervention, a relevant document based on the received information associated with the user of the user device; determining that a new browser window or a new browser tab has been opened by a browser application being executed by the user device; and causing, without user intervention, the relevant document to be presented using the new browser window or new browser tab.

A node configured to support multi-service with Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) includes circuitry configured to receive a client signal, wherein the client signal is different from a FlexE client; and circuitry configured to map the client signal into a FlexE shim. A method, implemented in a node, for supporting multi-service with Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) includes receiving a client signal, wherein the client signal is different from a FlexE client; and mapping the client signal into a FlexE shim.

Methods, systems, and media for presenting contextually relevant information are provided. In some implementations, the method includes: receiving information associated with a user of a user device from multiple data sources, where the user device comprises a display; identifying, without user intervention, a relevant document based on the received information associated with the user of the user device; determining that a new browser window or a new browser tab has been opened by a browser application being executed by the user device; and causing, without user intervention, the relevant document to be presented using the new browser window or new browser tab.