A data transmission method, a transmitter, and a receiver, where the method includes obtaining constant bit rate (CBR) service data, performing physical coding sublayer (PCS) encoding on the CBR service data, inserting a rate adaptation code block in a PCS bitstream obtained by PCS encoding to perform rate adaptation on the PCS bitstream, mapping the adapted PCS bitstream to N timeslots of a flexible Ethernet (FlexE) frame, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to one, and sending the FlexE frame, where FlexE overhead of the FlexE frame includes information indicating the N timeslots corresponding to the PCS bitstream. Hence, according to the data transmission method, the transmitter, and the receiver, the CBR service data may be mapped to a FlexE, and a carrying capability of the FlexE is improved.

Embodiments of this application provide a link group configuration method and an apparatus. The link group configuration method includes: obtaining, by a first network device, candidate groups to which M physical ports of the first network device belong respectively; obtaining, by the first network device from a second network device, candidate groups to which M physical ports of the second network device belong respectively; and selecting N physical links from M physical links, as a link group between the first network device and the second network device, based on the candidate groups to which the M physical ports of the first network device belong respectively and the candidate groups to which the M physical ports of the second network device belong respectively.

A method includes: determining a target code block in a code block stream that is in a first rate mode and includes a plurality of code blocks, where the target code block includes a code block of a start type in the first rate mode; modifying information carried in a code block type field of the target code block to target information, where the target information includes information carried in a code block type field of a code block of a start type in a second rate mode; or the target information includes information carried in a code block type field of a code block of a terminate type in a second rate mode; and transmitting a code block stream in the second rate mode to a transport network, where the code block stream in the second rate mode includes a modified target code block.

An improved autonegotiation approach includes determining that a negotiated rate between a first network device and a second network device exceeds data transfer capacity over a network path downstream of the second network device. In response, a configuration message is generated and transmitted to the first network device. When received by the first network device, the configuration message causes the first network device to limit data transfer between the first network device and the second network device to no more than the downstream data transfer capacity.

In a service signal processing method, an optical network unit (ONU) receives a service signal; maps the service signal to a flexible optical service unit frame; and sends a first passive optical network transmission convergence frame to an optical line terminal (OLT), where the flexible optical service unit frame is encapsulated in the first passive optical network transmission convergence frame, and where the flexible optical service unit frame is used to carry the service signal in a passive optical network (PON) and an optical transport network (OTN). In this application, the flexible optical service unit frame can be transmitted in both the PON and the OTN, and the ONU and the OLT do not need to parse the service signal.

Disclosed are an overhead monitoring method and apparatus, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The method may include: receiving a flexible Ethernet (FlexE) signals from one or more PHY interfaces respectively; de-interleaving each FlexE signal with the transmission rate of N*Y Gbps in the received FlexE signals respectively into N PHY signals each having a transmission rate of Y Gbps; selecting M valid data signals from the FlexE signal with the transmission rate being the target transmission rate in the received FlexE signals and the de-interleaved PHY signals with the transmission rate of Y Gbps; removing each pad from each of the M valid data signals, performing frame delimitation on each of the M valid data signals, and extracting each FlexE overhead from each of the M valid data signals; and generating a linear overhead frame based on the extracted FlexE overheads, and outputting the linear overhead frame.

A clock synchronization packet exchanging method includes sending, by a first device in a Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) group, a first FlexE instance at a first physical layer (PHY), where the first FlexE instance includes a clock synchronization packet, and a second FlexE instance sent by the first device in the FlexE group at a second PHY also includes a clock synchronization packet. The clock synchronization packets are carried in a plurality of FlexE instances transmitted between a transmit end and a receive end in the FlexE group.

Provided are a service transmitting method and device, and a service receiving method and device. The service transmitting method comprises steps of: mapping a client service to at least one service flow of a first rate; dividing at least one service flow of the first rate into a plurality of service flows of other rates, and filling the service flows of other rates with overhead blocks; and transmitting the service flows through channels of corresponding rates. By means of the scheme according to the embodiment, a service transmission between members of different rates can be implemented.

A flexible Ethernet (FlexE) frame forwarding method, including receiving a first frame through a FlexE client input channel, obtaining a first channel identifier used to indicate the FlexE client input channel and a first subchannel identifier carried in the first frame, where the first subchannel identifier is used to indicate a logical subchannel of the FlexE client input channel, searching a preset forwarding table based on the first channel identifier and the first subchannel identifier to obtain a second channel identifier and a second subchannel identifier, where the second channel identifier is used to indicate a FlexE client output channel, and the second subchannel identifier is used to indicate a logical subchannel of the FlexE client output channel, and forwarding the first frame based on the second channel identifier and the second subchannel identifier.

In an embodiment, the application provides a flexible Ethernet (FlexE) communication method, which includes: receiving, by a first network device by using a FlexE group, n first overhead blocks sent by a second network device, the FlexE group comprising n physical layer apparatuses (PHYs); and storing, by the first network device, the n first overhead blocks in n memories in the first time period. The method further includes simultaneously reading, by the first network device, the n first overhead blocks from the n memories, after a preset duration T starting from a moment at which a first overhead block is stored in a corresponding memory. The first overhead block is a last stored first overhead block in the n first overhead blocks, the duration T is greater than or equal to one clock cycle.