Disclosed is a transmitter which includes an encoder and a transmission interface circuit. The encoder receives data bits and generates conversion bits, a number of is the conversion bits being more than a number of the data bits, based on the number of the data bits. The encoder detects a risk pattern of the conversion bits to generate detection data and converts the risk pattern into a replacement pattern based on the detection data to generate code bits, a number of is the code bits being equal to the number of the conversion bits.

In some embodiments, a method for mitigating interference in a channel having multiple users includes: transmitting, by a transmitter, a signal of interest (SOI) to a sequential interference cancellation (SIC) receiver at a transmit power; determining a packet drop rate as seen by the receiver; and decreasing the transmit power in response to determining the packet drop rate exceeds a predetermined maximum packet drop rate. The transmitter's coding rate and/or modulation level may also be lowered based on the decrease in transmit power.

Modulation schemes for 5G and 6G are disclosed that can be demodulated accurately even when two transmissions collide. The modulation states are configured to reveal the interference and, in most cases, provide an unambiguous determination of the original content. In other cases, when inevitable ambiguities remain, the number of possible states is greatly reduced, enabling rapid selection of the correct state using error-detection codes. The states of the modulation scheme may include phase modulation or amplitude modulation or both, and may be based on classical amplitude-phase modulation or pulse-amplitude modulation. Each state is structured so that any collision, between any two of the states, produces a readily identified amplitude-phase combination, from which the original message and the intruding message can be deduced. Enhanced network throughput and reliability, with fewer retransmission and dropped messages, may result. Many other aspects are disclosed.

An apparatus for receiving non-orthogonal transmissions in a wireless communication system includes a processor configured to determine a first superposed symbol from a plurality of superposed symbols, based on superposition information and a first set of decoding information, wherein the first superposed symbol is corresponding to a first user equipment. The processor generates a residual signal based on the first superposed symbol and the superposition information, and determines a second superposed symbol based on the residual signal and a second set of decoding information, wherein the second superposed symbol is corresponding to a second user equipment. The superposition information comprises a quantity of the plurality of superposed symbols and an ordering of the plurality of superposed symbols.

A transmission method simultaneously transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal at a common frequency performs precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals, thereby improving received data signal quality for a reception device.

When the codeword level interference cancellation (CW-IC) is used at the receiver in conjunction with the superposition coding scheme at the transmitter, in order to guarantee the success of signal reception, restrictions of scheduling decisions in resource allocation of superposed transport blocks may occur. A method to mitigate the scheduling restrictions is proposed. For a low-geometry UE in NOMA operation, one sub-band is used as the basic scheduling unit. As a result, data in resource blocks scheduled for NOMA operation and data in resource blocks scheduled for other non-NOMA operation correspond to different transport blocks. Therefore, a high-geometric UE only needs to decode the data scheduled for NOMA. The base station does not need to impose additional scheduling restrictions and signaling overhead.

The complexity of sparse code multiple access (SCMA) decoding can be reduced by pruning codebooks to remove unlikely codewords prior to, or while, performing an iterative message passing algorithm (MPA). The pruned codebook is then used by to perform one or more iterations of MPA processing, thereby reducing the number codeword probabilities that are calculated for the corresponding SCMA layer. The pruned codebook also reduces the computational complexity of calculating codeword probabilities associated with other SCMA layers. The pruned codebook may be “reset” by reinserting the pruned codewords into the codebook after a final hard-decision for a given set of received samples is made, so that the pruning does not affect evaluation of the next set of samples.

A method for transmitting a broadcast signal according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises generating service layer signaling information for discovery and acquisition of a broadcast service and a content component of the broadcast service; generating service list information including for service list building and discovery of the service layer signaling information; and physical layer processing of the service list information, service layer signaling information, and content component.

A method and relay for relaying messages. The relay includes tests reliability relating solely to messages estimated with error and taken in their form prior to error detection in order to be able to separate messages that are reliable and messages that are not reliable. The relay also includes a shaper unit having a channel interleaver and a modulator taking account only of the messages estimated without error and of those messages estimated with error that are reliable, this shaping being performed in soft form if at least one message estimated with error successfully passes the reliability test.

A method of operating a network node of a communication network includes receiving, by a first decoder of the network node, a first upstream-processed signal associated with an original signal. The method further includes receiving, by a second decoder of the network node, a second upstream-processed signal associated with the original signal. The method further includes determining, by the first decoder, a first downstream-processed signal based on the first upstream-processed signal and outputting, by the first decoder, the first downstream-processed signal. The method further includes responsive to the first decoder outputting the first downstream-processed signal, determining, by the second decoder, a second downstream-processed signal based on the second upstream-processed signal and the first downstream-processed signal and outputting, by the second decoder, the second downstream-processed signal. The method further includes determining a decoded received signal based on outputs from the first decoder and the second decoder.