Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Some systems may support the transmission of a predicted negative acknowledgment (NACK) indication for a downlink data message. In some cases, a base station may transmit a downlink data message to a user equipment (UE). The UE may perform a decoding process for the message. The UE may determine whether the decoding process is likely to fail during a first portion of the decoding process prior to completion of the decoding process. The UE may transmit a predicted NACK message to the base station prior to a feedback opportunity configured for the UE to transmit feedback based on a result of the completed decoding process. The base station may determine whether to retransmit the downlink data message based on the predicted NACK message, such that the predicted NACK message may reduce the latency associated with retransmission of downlink data messages.

The present invention relates to a method for configuring a retransmission protocol on the uplink between a network node and a relay node in a mobile communication system, the configuration being performed at a network node or at a relay node, and to the corresponding relay node apparatus and network node apparatus capable of configuring the retransmission protocol. In particular, the number of transmission processes is determined based on the position of time intervals available for the transmission and may be selected in order to control the round trip time of the retransmission protocol. Once the number of transmission processes has been configured, the transmission processes are mapped on the available time intervals in a predefined order and repetitively.

Lightweight messaging between a cloud-based platform and compact wireless device. The wireless device may transmit an initial message to a cloud-based platform, and receive an initial response message from the platform that specifies an interval. In response, the wireless device may transmit a reporting message to the platform that identifies the wireless device and indicates a status of the wireless device, set a reporting interval to the specified interval, and, upon expiration of each of a plurality of the reporting interval, transmit a new reporting message to the platform. The reporting interval may be subsequently changed by update messages from the platform. In an embodiment, to reduce resource consumption at the wireless device, the wireless device does not transmit an acknowledgement message to the platform in response to the update messages. Rather, the platform infers acknowledgement based on subsequent actions of the wireless device.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for data acknowledgment. One apparatus includes a transmitter that transmits data to a device. The apparatus may include a processor that determines a response window having multiple subframes for receiving an acknowledgement corresponding to the data. The apparatus may include a receiver that receives the acknowledgement within the response window.

An information terminal sequentially transmits one or more packets to an information distribution server, receives acknowledgments for the transmitted packets from the information distribution server, and records a round trip time and occurrence of packet loss for each of the transmitted packets. Among one or more packet sequences, the information terminal counts the number of packet sequences which are such that the number of packet losses included in each of the packet sequences and an increase state of the round trip time for packets included in the packet sequence satisfy respective predetermined conditions. Each of the one or more packet sequences has multiple continuous packets including one or more packets, for which packet loss is recorded among the transmitted packets, at the top. The information terminal calculates a packet loss ratio on the basis of the counted number and the number of transmitted packets.

Techniques for contention window size (CWS) adaptation (CWSA) are discussed. One example apparatus can comprise a processor that can receive HARQ messages UEs in response to PDSCH transmissions in one or more reference subframes. The HARQ messages can comprise HARQ-ACK values that denote a HARQ-ACK state for a transport block associated with License Assisted Access (LAA) operation, wherein each of the HARQ-ACK states is one of a DTX state, an ACK state, a NACK state, or an “any” state. The processor can also; determine a metric value for each of the HARQ-ACK states; calculate a CWS adjustment metric based on the determined metric values; increase a CWS to a next higher allowed value when the CWS adjustment metric is greater than or equal to a threshold; and reset the CWS to a minimum allowed value when the CWS adjustment metric is less than the threshold.

Disclosed is a base station which transmits and retransmits to a terminal first and second downlink data in first and second component carriers, respectively, wherein a first configuration pattern of UL (uplink) and DL (downlink) subframes is set for the first component carrier and a second configuration pattern of UL and DL subframes is set for the second component carrier. The base station receives from the terminal in the first component carrier an ACK/NACK for the first and second downlink data received by the terminal, which stores retransmission data of the first and second downlink data in a soft buffer, wherein the soft buffer for the second downlink data is sized according to a maximum number of downlink HARQ retransmission processes executable in a reference configuration pattern of UL and DL subframes, and the reference configuration pattern is determined according to the first and second configuration patterns.

A user equipment (105), UE, is configured for use in a wireless communication system (100). The UE (105) acknowledges one or more first commands received from an access node (110) by transmitting, to the access node (110), a first acknowledgment comprising a confirmation field set to a first value. After acknowledging the one or more first commands, the UE (105) acknowledges one or more second commands received from the access node (110) by selectively transmitting or refraining from transmitting, to the access node (110), a second acknowledgement comprising the confirmation field set to a second value depending respectively on whether or not the second value would be different from the first value.

Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can synchronize, with less error, the data transmitted by the transmitter and the data it received. To further improve the framer index estimation, a lock indicator signal can be generated to signal to other receiver components that the estimated framer indices are reliable. The receiver can determine frequency offset and additional framer index estimations with increased reliability when performed after the lock indicator signal is generated.