Techniques for dropping packets at congested network elements for no drop traffic are described. A network element in communication with a congested network element initiates a copy packet queue and stores a copy of each transmitted no-drop packet sent to the congested element. When the network element receives an indication that the congested element has dropped a no-drop packet, the network element begins retransmission of the dropped packets to the congested element from the copy packet queue, thus providing a lossless network while allowing for dropped packets.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods which increase the throughput of a TCP-based communication between a first network node and a second network node. First, the first network node sent a first plurality of TCP segments to the second network node. Second, when the second network node receives a second plurality of TCP segments, which is all or part of the first plurality of the TCP segments, the second network node responds by sending one or more TCP acknowledgements to the first network node with the last sequence number of a last segment among all TCP segment within the second plurality of TCP segments. The present disclosure are able to increase the throughput of a TCP connection while decreasing its reliability.

The present disclosure provides an uplink scheduling method in an unlicensed frequency band based on a dynamic frame structure, an uplink scheduling device and a base station. Each frame structure includes uplink and downlink subframes, and same type of a subframe continuity settings, the method includes: determining whether a currently used frame structure in an unlicensed frequency band needs to be reconfigured; when reconfiguration is not required, determining an uplink subframe to be scheduled on each downlink subframe according to the currently used frame structure; when reconfiguration is required, determining an uplink subframe to be scheduled on each downlink subframe in a last radio frame before a reconfiguration time point according to a first frame structure used before the reconfiguration time point and a second frame structure to be used; transmitting a scheduling instruction for the uplink subframe to be scheduled on each downlink subframe.

An apparatus comprising means for: determining at least one expected arrival sequence of one or more expected data units to be transmitted over at least one network system; determining if at least one of the one or more expected data units does not arrive for transmission over the at least one network system as expected; and if it is determined that at least one of the one or more expected data units does not arrive for transmission over the at least one network system as expected, increasing transmission reliability of one or more data units adjacent to at least one expected data unit that has not arrived for transmission over the at least one network system as expected.

An apparatus comprising means for: determining at least one expected arrival sequence of one or more expected data units to be transmitted over at least one network system; determining if at least one of the one or more expected data units does not arrive for transmission over the at least one network system as expected; and if it is determined that at least one of the one or more expected data units does not arrive for transmission over the at least one network system as expected, increasing transmission reliability of one or more data units adjacent to at least one expected data unit that has not arrived for transmission over the at least one network system as expected.

This application provides a data transmission method and apparatus, to reduce wastes of transmission resources. The method includes: receiving, by a first node, a data packet from an air interface, where the first node is a wireless backhaul node, and the wireless backhaul node is configured to provide a wireless backhaul service for a node that wirelessly accesses the wireless backhaul node; duplicating, by the first node, the data packet to obtain M data packets, where M is an integer greater than 1; and splitting, by the first node, the M data packets, and sending the M data packets to a second node through at least two paths. This application relates to the field of communications technologies.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for autonomous uplink confirmation triggering. One method includes receiving an autonomous uplink command from a network unit. The method includes triggering an autonomous uplink confirmation in response to receiving the autonomous uplink command. The method includes transmitting the autonomous uplink confirmation to the network unit in response to triggering the autonomous uplink confirmation to indicate reception of the autonomous uplink command.

Systems and methods for improving the performance and stability of bonding radios are provided. One method includes receiving a packet from a client device. Next, the method includes determining whether the received packet is an expected next packet and transmitting the received packet to a next destination if the received packet is the expected next packet. In an event the received packet is not the expected next packet, transmitting the received packet to a queue, setting a timer to wait for the expected next packet, and transmitting a message to the sender of the received packet requesting that the expected next packet be sent.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for autonomous uplink confirmation triggering. One method includes receiving an autonomous uplink command from a network unit. The method includes triggering an autonomous uplink confirmation in response to receiving the autonomous uplink command. The method includes transmitting the autonomous uplink confirmation to the network unit in response to triggering the autonomous uplink confirmation to indicate reception of the autonomous uplink command.

A method for feeding back a HARQ result includes that: a mapping relationship between each downlink carrier group and each uplink carrier group is determined; a target manner for acquiring a target uplink carrier from the each uplink carrier group is determined; and the mapping relationship and the target manner are sent to the terminal to enable the terminal to feed back a target HARQ result through the target uplink carrier after determining the target uplink carrier in a present uplink carrier group according to the target manner.