Device group partitions and a settlement platform are provided. In some embodiments, device group partitions (e.g., partitions of devices based on associated device groups) are provided. In some embodiments, a settlement platform service is provided. In some embodiments, a settlement platform service is provided for partitioned devices. In some embodiments, collecting device generated service usage information for one or more devices in wireless communication on a wireless network; and aggregating the device generated service usage information for a settlement platform for the one or more devices in wireless communication on the wireless network is provided. In some embodiments, a settlement platform implements a service billing allocation and/or a service/transactional revenue share among one or more partners. In some embodiments, service usage information includes micro-CDRs, which are used for CDR mediation or reconciliation that provides for service usage accounting on any device activity that is desired. In some embodiments, each device activity that is desired to be associated with a billing event is assigned a micro-CDR transaction code, and a service processor of the device is programmed to account for that activity associated with that transaction code. In some embodiments, a service processor executing on a wireless communications device periodically reports (e.g., during each heartbeat or based on any other periodic, push, and/or pull communication technique(s)) micro-CDR usage measures to, for example, a service controller or some other network element for CDR mediation or reconciliation.

A session management function (SMF) sends to a charging function (CHF), a charging policy request message requesting charging policy information for a packet data unit (PDU) session of a wireless device. The SMF receives, by from the CHF, a response message comprising the charging policy information for the PDU session. The charging policy information comprises: a first charging method; and an information element indicating that a first charging rate is applicable for the PDU session. The SMF determines, based on the charging policy information, a charging control rule for the PDU session. The SMF enforces the charging control rule.

A policy transmission method, a policy control function (PCF) network element, and a computer storage medium, where the method includes: obtaining, by a PCF network element, a connection management state of a terminal apparatus, where the connection management state includes a connected mode or an idle mode; and sending, by the PCF network element, policy rule information to the terminal apparatus when the connection management state of the terminal apparatus is the connected mode.

A Policy Control Function, PCF, for use in a 5G core network, is configured to allow a consumer to retrieve from the PCF subscriber session information and Application Detection and Control rules relating to a subscriber session. Specifically, the PCF is configured to: receive (303) a request from a Session Management Function, SMF, for session management policies applying to the subscriber session; retrieve (305) policy data from a Unified Data Repository, UDR; and, based on the retrieved policy data, generate said Application Detection and Control rules relating to the subscriber session, and send (307) said Application Detection and Control rules to the TDF, thereby allowing the TDF to act as the consumer.

In one aspect, a device, operating in an access network that can provide a plurality of QoS levels for user data flowing to and from the device, establishes a packet data session via the access network and receives, from the access network, cost information associated with each of one or more QoS levels. The device selects, for user data for at least a first application or service, a QoS level from among the plurality of QoS levels based on the cost information. The device transmits packets carrying user data for the first application or service to the access network. The transmission includes applying a QoS treatment to the user data according to the selected QoS level.

A method and device for policy determination and a storage medium are provided. The method includes that: User Equipment (UE) receives first information transmitted by a network device, here, the first information includes a first policy and the first policy includes a policy type corresponding to the first policy; the network device is a Policy Control Function (PCF), a content of the first information is divided into at least one section and is encapsulated into a container by the PCF for transmitting to a Core Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), and the container is transparently transmitted to the UE by the AMF; the policy type corresponding to the first policy comprises at least one of a PC5 interface-based Vehicle to Everything (V2X) policy, or a Uu interface-based V2X policy.

Systems and methods are provided for billing of metadata in a network of moving things.

Systems and methods for providing Network Address Translation (NAT) are provided. In some embodiments, a method of operating a function entity configured to support NAT includes enabling a Control Plane (CP) function to instruct a User Plane (UP) function to apply a NAT function for at least one specific service data flow. In this way, one or more benefits result such as: introducing a mechanism allowing CP function to instruct UP function to perform NAT function for one or more service data flow(s); when CP and UP function are separated, using NAT function can protect a private network from potential unlawful incursion, and delaying NAT IP address and port allocation and withdrawal at the service initiation and termination can save the public IP address space. Also, one or more improvements such as allowing the network operator to support NAT policies in the context of 4G/5G networks supporting CUPS are disclosed.

Method and apparatus for improving the flexibility of supporting service continuity are disclosed. A method comprises receiving a PCC rule containing a traffic steering control information per AF request which includes an indication on whether service continuity for offload traffic is supported or not; and performing a PSA relocation based on the information.

Systems, methods, and devices can be utilized to provide charging function (CHF) fallback in a 5.sup.th Generation Core (5GC). An example method is performed by a fail-open function (FOF), and includes receiving, from the CHF, information corresponding to a subscriber of a network. The information is stored in a database. Further, the example method includes receiving, from the CHF or a connected function, a request corresponding to the subscriber. The connected function is a session management function (SMF) and/or a policy control function (PCF). Based on the request, the information stored in the database is at least one of accessed or modified. Based on performing at least one of accessing or modifying the information stored in the database, a response is generated and transmitted to the CHF or the connected function.