A hierarchical wireless network is provided with a mesh backbone network portion and a switching tree network portion, The mesh backbone network portion includes first tier nodes each having at least one wireless link to another first tier node, The first tier nodes execute a link-state protocol for routing packets, The switching tree network portion includes second tier nodes each having a single wireless link to one first tier node and at least one wireless link to one third tier node, and third tier nodes each having a single wireless link to one second tier node. The second tier and the third tier nodes execute switching rules for switching packets,

A Machine-to-machine (M2M) terminal (11) comprises a radio communication unit (111) and a controller (112). The radio communication unit (111) is configured to communicate with a base station (13). The controller (112) is configured to change at least one of a cell selection operation, a cell reselection operation, and a handover operation according to whether a specific coverage enhancement processing is required or according to whether the specific coverage enhancement processing is supported by at least one of a cell (13) in which the M2M terminal (11) camps on and a neighbouring cell (14) of the cell (13) which the M2M terminal (11) camps on. It is thus possible to provide an improved technique for allowing the M2M terminal that is supporting a special coverage enhancement processing for M2M terminals to camp on an appropriate cell.

A system and method to provide multimedia services to consumption end devices like set-top boxes and legacy phone and tablet devices that are incompatible to receive the multimedia service directly. These consumption devices interact with devices that provide multimedia service. Further, the present disclosure discloses mechanisms where an end consumption device can connect to a device like LTE connectivity device and obtain eMBMS multimedia services.

A terminal receiving a push message is provided. The terminal sets service control condition which specifies application identifier (app ID) corresponding to service that the terminal is allowed to receive, wherein the service control condition is contained in push message control policy. And the terminal then receives a push message, matching the push message control policy, sent by a server.

Provided are a method and an apparatus for transmitting or receiving a downlink reference signal. A cell-specific downlink reference signal (CRS) is transmitted in a partial frequency band of the entire downlink frequency band. Configuration information of the CRS transmitted in the partial frequency band is provided to user equipment. The CRS transmitted in the partial frequency band may be used in downlink channel measurement alone or together with a legacy CRS.

An apparatus, system, and method for balancing traffic loads on beam outroutes that contain both multicast and unicast traffic. An outroute is designated for supplying at least multicast traffic within a beam of a satellite communication system. Terminals interested in receiving the multicast traffic are moved to the designated outroute. Traffic loads on all outroutes within the beam, including the designated outroute, are compared to determine if variations in the traffic loads exceed a predetermined threshold. A load balancing routine is performed to redistribute the traffic loads on all outroutes, while excluding any terminal that is actively receiving the multicast traffic from the load balancing routine.

A data transmission method and device, where the method includes determining, by a first station device, that a second station device supports a first service, receiving a device group join request message that is sent by the second station device according to a media access control (MAC) address of a first device group, where the first device group is a device group of the first service and is a device group to which the first station device belongs, sending a device group join response message to another station device in the first device group and the second station device according to the multicast MAC address of the first device group in a contention transmission manner, and performing data transmission of the first service with the second station device in a service window of the first service, where the service window includes a time and/or a channel of service transmission.

According to one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes a transmitter configured to transmit a first frame including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission without receiving a transmission request for the first information; and a receiver configured to receive a second frame.

A method for receiving multicast service data is provided. The method includes the following. A terminal device transmits first indication information to a network device, where the first indication information indicates a target multicast service. The terminal device receives at least one downlink control information (DCI) transmitted by the network device, where the at least one DCI is used for scheduling the target multicast service. The terminal device restarts a bandwidth part (BWP) inactivity timer when the terminal device receives on a first BWP, according to the at least one DCI, data of the target multicast service transmitted by the network device.

A method for multicast communication. The method which may be performed by a terminal device comprises receiving a downlink control channel from a network node. The downlink control channel may be associated with a traffic of the terminal device. The method further comprises determining an uplink resource to transmit feedback for the traffic to the network node, according to the association between the downlink control channel and the traffic. A hybrid automatic repeat request feedback may be implemented efficiently and flexibly for different traffic such as multicast and unicast traffic.