A system and method for reducing transmission collisions. In one embodiment, a transmitter for communicating of a smart grid power line network includes an arbiter. The arbiter is configured to select a transmission interval during which the transmitter can transmit. The interval is selected from a plurality of available transmission intervals reserved for contending transmissions, and selected based on a level of a hierarchical network at which the transmitter is located. The interval selected is different from any interval used by a different transmitter spaced two hierarchical levels away from the level of the hierarchical network at which the transmitter is located.

An electronic control unit includes a relay device that is connected via a first network with a different relay device included in a different electronic control unit to relay a frame via the first network. It is determined whether a reception interruption has occurred. The reception interruption signifies that at least one predetermined frame scheduled to be transmitted from the different relay device is not received within a predetermined time via the first network. In response to the reception interruption being determined to have occurred, it is determined whether an abnormality has occurred in the first network based on at least one of (i) a presence or absence of reception of a state data representing a state of the different electronic control unit from the different electronic control unit via a second network within a fixed time, and (ii) a content of the state data.

A central control device and a plurality of relay devices constitute a backbone network. Each of the relay device includes: a backbone-side communication port connected to a backbone network; a plurality of device-side communication ports configured to input and output a signal to/from an onboard device; and a first interface conversion device configured to perform interface conversion between the backbone-side communication port and the device-side communication ports. The device-side communication ports include a plurality of general-purpose communication ports to which a common input circuit and/or output circuit is connected. A predetermined first onboard device is directly connected to the general-purpose communication ports, whereas a predetermined second onboard device is connected to the general-purpose communication ports via a predetermined first onboard device.

The present application teaches systems and methods for automating all or portions of a construction process including the steps of locating stud welding locations on the surface of an I-beam, I-beam grinding, ferrule placement, stud placement and welding to ground welding sites, and ferrule fracturing.

A pin-configurable bus termination system may includes a bus connector attached to an end of a bus. The bus connector may be configured for electrically connecting the bus to an input connector of a node. The node may include a bus termination resistance. The bus connector may include a first bus output pin, a second bus output pin and configurable first and second termination resistor pins. The configurable first and second termination resistor pins may be configurable to provide a first termination configuration and a second termination configuration. The first termination configuration may electrically interconnect the first and second bus output pins arid the configurable first and second termination resistor pins to electrically connect the bus termination resistance for terminating the bus. The second termination configuration may include an open electrical circuit between the first and second bus output pins and the configurable first and second termination resistor pins.

The disclosure relates to a method for serially transmitting a frame from a transmitter to at least one receiver via a bus line, as well as a subscriber station for a bus system. According to said method, stuff bits for generating additional signal edges are inserted into the frame by the transmitter according to a predetermined rule, and the stuff bits are removed again by the receiver when evaluating a received frame, a CRC calculation logic of a CRC generator calculating a CRC checksum that is comprised by said frame, and a value of “1” being inserted into said CRC calculation logic in an additional evaluation step if a value of “0 . . . 0” has been determined for the CRC checksum in the running calculation executed by the CRC calculation logic.

The disclosure relates to a method for serially transmitting a frame from a transmitter to at least one receiver by means of a bus line, as well as a subscriber station for a bus system. According to said method, stuff bits are inserted into the frame by the transmitter according to a predetermined rule in order to generate additional signal edges, and/or said stuff bits are removed again by the receiver when evaluating the frame, at least one item of information relating to a subsection of the frame additionally being added, and transmitted, outside of this subsection, and said subsection containing a predetermined sequence of bit values.

A system comprises a plurality of nodes connected in a peer-to-peer network via a communication interface. At least one node of the plurality of nodes comprises a transceiver, at least two connectors, at least one termination resistance module coupled to the transceiver, the at least one termination resistance module providing termination resistance within the node, a first detection circuit coupled to a first connector of the at least two connectors, and a second detection circuit coupled to a second connector of the at least two connectors. The first and second detection circuits are configured to detect that the node is coupled to one or more other nodes in the peer-to-peer network, and automatically adjust the termination resistance based on the detecting.

A device for a serial bus system. The device includes a receiver for receiving a signal from a bus, in which for a message that is exchanged between user stations of the bus system, the bus states of a signal received from the bus in the first communication phase differ from bus states of the signal received in the second communication phase. The receiver generates a digital signal based on the received signal, and outputs the signal to a communication control device to evaluate the data. The receiver uses a first reception threshold and a second reception threshold in the second communication phase to generate the digital signal. The second reception threshold has a negative voltage value or has a voltage value that is greater than the largest voltage value that is driven by a user station of the bus system for a bus state in the second communication phase.

The disclosure relates to a unit for a bus system, a master/slave bus system with such units, and a method for assigning individual unit addresses for units of a bus system, wherein through the use of an enable signal, which is relayed from unit to unit, only one unit is respectively in an allocation mode in which the unit that is respectively in the allocation mode is allocated an individual unit address so that the units of the bus system can each be allocated with the unique individual address one after the other in the sequence of their cabling.