A communicating entities include one master entity, configured for communicating according to a first protocol at least, and a plurality of slave entities. The slave entities include a first group of slave entities able to support communications according to said first protocol and unable to support communications according to a second protocol, and a second group of slave entities able to support communications according to at least said second protocol. The first protocol is implemented by a token passing with communication data from the master entity to successively each neighbour slave entity, until the token reaches again the master entity, defining thus a first cycle according to the first protocol. The second protocol is implemented by passing a data frame including data intended to entities of said second group, one current entity of said second group, when receiving said data frame.

A fieldbus network is described, which has at least one device as well as a connecting apparatus, wherein the connecting apparatus is designed to transfer data from the fieldbus network into a cloud. Installed in at least one of the devices is a derived class, which is derived from a predetermined head class, wherein head attributes are established by the predetermined head class and additional device specific attributes are established by the derived class, wherein the at least one of the devices is designed based on the derived class to produce a data object for the data transfer to the cloud. The connecting apparatus is designed to receive the data object of the device, to convert at least a part of the data contained in the data object into a format of an interface of the cloud and to write the data into the cloud.

Described herein are expandable network architectures with communication systems having multiple networks for communications between machines and implements for field operations including planting and harvesting operations. In one embodiment, a communication system includes a first communication module including at least one port of a first network, at least one input port and at least one output port of a second network, and a first network gateway to translate between a first protocol for the first network and a second protocol for the second network. A second communication module is communicatively coupled to tike first communication module. The second communication module includes at least one port of the first network, and at least at least one input port and at least one output port of the second network. The second communication module is configurable to expand a network architecture of the communication system by being capable of communicatively coupling to at least one additional communication module.

A bus coupler for a network, in particular for an optical ring network, includes: a bus participant interface for data connection to at least one bus participant device; a bus receiving interface for receiving bus input data via a bus line; a bus transmitting interface for transmitting bus output data via the bus line; and a control unit for generating bus output data based on participant input data received via the bus participant interface, the bus transmission data including bus control data, and to transfer the bus output data to a further bus coupler by the bus transmitting interface. The control unit specifies a control signal based on the bus input data received by the bus receiving interface and performs a relaying of the bus input data to the further bus coupler based on the specified control signal.

The invention relates to a method for addressing at least one bus subscriber, in particular a control device or sensor, which is connected to a bus system for the purpose of exchanging data, and which is supplied with DC voltage in order to supply the bus subscriber with supply voltage rectified as defined via a DC voltage input of said bus subscriber. It is proved according to the invention that the respective bus subscriber detects the polarity of the DC voltage at its DC voltage input, selects a predefined address depending on the detected polarity, and assigns the selected address to itself for the purpose of exchanging the data. The invention further relates to the bus subscriber and a system consisting of a bus system and exactly two bus subscribers of such kind. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle.

A system comprises a plurality of nodes connected in a peer-to-peer network via a communication interface. At least one node of the plurality of nodes comprises a transceiver, at least two connectors, at least one termination resistance module coupled to the transceiver, the at least one termination resistance module providing termination resistance within the node, a first detection circuit coupled to a first connector of the at least two connectors, and a second detection circuit coupled to a second connector of the at least two connectors. The first and second detection circuits are configured to detect that the node is coupled to one or more other nodes in the peer-to-peer network, and automatically adjust the termination resistance based on the detecting.

A method at a computing device for providing vehicle data to a client, the method including receiving a data object at an ingestor block at the computing device, the ingestor block comprising a plurality of ingestor instances capable of interacting with different entities; converting the data object to a frame; providing the frame to a translation stack at the computing device to convert the frame into a normalized message; and providing the normalized message to the client.

Provided is a communication relay apparatus configured to relay communication between a plurality of segments of a network by a plurality of communication devices including an indoor unit and an outdoor unit connected to one another via the network, the communication relay apparatus including a relay setting unit configured to set a first mode value corresponding to processing of relaying all frames and a second mode value corresponding to processing of relaying a frame on the basis of a destination address of the frame, and a relay determination unit configured to perform processing of relaying the frame in an operation mode corresponding to a relay mode value set by the relay setting unit.

An example Smart Candle Platform is configured to includes a candle fixture that comprises an outer shell having an opening, a mid-frame, and a base, and a fuel bottle configured to hold a fuel material and is removably coupled to the candle fixture. The fuel bottle is positioned at least partially within a hollow interior of the mid-frame of the candle fixture and accommodated by the base. The fuel bottle further comprises a wick that extends through an opening of the outer shell, and the candle fixture includes an ignitor configured to ignite the fuel material via the wick to produce a living flame, a proximity sensor to sense a distance between an object and the living flame, a self-extinguisher, and a control system configured to, upon determining the distance between the object and the living flame is unsafe, control the self-extinguisher to extinguish the living flame.

An interface for an I3C slave. The interface allows I3C slaves to also be connected to a conventional I2C bus that includes an I2C master. For this purpose, an additional adaptation device is provided that adapts the signals of the I2C bus for an I3C slave.