An apparatus includes a connector for coupling a cable comprising at least one optical fiber and at least one electrical wire to an optical module at a network communications device, the connector comprising an electrical contact plate for engagement with an electrical contact on the optical module, and a ferrule for receiving the at least one optical fiber. The electrical contact plate is configured for electrically coupling the at least one electrical wire to the electrical contact on the optical module for delivery of power through the optical module.

A network system includes a higher-level device, a first intermediate device connected to the higher-level device, and a second intermediate device connected to the higher-level device. The first intermediate device is configured to control supply of an electric power to a first lower-level device via a first device being able to be controlled to interrupt. The second intermediate device is configured to control supply of an electric power to a second lower-level device via a second device being able to be controlled to interrupt, the second lower-level device being a redundant component for the first lower-level device.

In general, techniques are described for enabling a network of network devices (or “nodes”) to provide redundant multicast streams from redundant multicast sources to an egress network node. In some examples, the egress network node (or a controller for the network) computes maximally redundant trees (MRTs) from the egress network node to a virtual proxy node virtually added to the network topology by the egress network node for redundant multicast sources of redundant multicast streams.

A vehicle inner communication system according to one embodiment can comprise: a plurality of electronic device groups provided in a vehicle; and a control unit, which uses bus communication individually connected to the electronic devices within the electronic device group and series communication by which the electronic devices inside the electronic device group are connected, so as to sense electronic devices within the electronic device group and control operations.

A method, a bus system, and a transportation means control a utilization of the bus system. The method includes determining a first piece of information representing a current and/or a future utilization of the bus system, and determining a second piece of information representing respective data transmission time periods for a plurality of bus subscribers which transmit data by means of the bus system, as a function of the first piece of information. The method also includes transmitting the second piece of information to the plurality of bus subscribers, and adjusting respective data transmission time periods for the plurality of bus subscribers by the respective bus subscribers, as a function of the second piece of information, and transmitting data by the plurality of bus subscribers within the respective adjusted data transmission time periods by means of the bus system.

Provided are an in-vehicle communication apparatus, a communication program, and a message transmission method. The in-vehicle communication apparatus according is connected to another apparatus via a plurality of communication lines, and includes a plurality of communication units that are provided respectively for the communication lines, and transmit/receive a message via the communication lines, a classification processing unit that performs processing for classifying messages that are to be transmitted to the other apparatus, into a plurality of groups in accordance with priorities of the messages and a message transmission processing unit that distributes messages classified into each of the plurality of groups, to one or more communication units allocated to the group, and the number of communication units allocated to a group into which a higher-priority message is classified is larger than the number of communication units allocated to a group into which a lower-priority message is classified.

A system includes a parallel redundancy protocol (PRP) link redundancy entity (LRE) configured to receive data and copy the data to create a first copy of the data and a second copy of the data for transmission and a switch configured to cause operation between a first PRP media access control security (MACsec) mode and a second PRP MACsec mode to encrypt the data. The first PRP MACsec mode includes performing MACsec encryption on the data received by the PRP LRE prior to the data being copied by the PRP LRE, and the second PRP MACsec mode includes performing the MACsec encryption on the first copy of the data and the second copy of the data after the data has been copied by the PRP LRE.

An anomaly detection method in an in-vehicle network system in which a plurality of ECUs are connected. Among the plurality of ECUs, at least one ECU includes a detector which determines whether a received message satisfies a predetermined rule, and the at least one ECU transmits the detection result determined to a network. The anomaly detection method includes (i) receiving the detection result from the network, and storing the detection result received in a memory, (ii) determining whether the detection result is received within a predetermined time, and storing a determination result in the memory in association with the detection result, and (iii) outputting a message to the outside, the message including the detection result in association with the determination result.

The invention relates to a method for operating a transmission system (1) that comprises a first network (2) and at least one additional network (3), in which data are exchanged between said at least two networks (2, 3) by means of data of the first network (2) being fed to duplication means (4) in the form of data packets, these fed data packets being wirelessly transmitted to separator means (5) via at least two transmission paths (6, 7) using PRP, and being forwarded from said separator means (5) to the connected additional network (3) in the form of a data stream. The invention is characterized in that the data packets are temporarily stored in a memory once they have been transmitted via the at least two transmission paths (6, 7).

A system of communicating data over a high availability industrial control system is disclosed. The industrial control system includes a first data producer, a second data producer in communicative connection with the first data producer, a first data consumer, and a second data consumer in communicative connection with the first data consumer. The system further includes the first producer communicating the data over multiple connection paths from the first producer to the first consumer and the second consumer through intermediate modules, and the second producer communicating the data over multiple connection paths from the second producer to the first consumer and the second consumer through intermediate modules. Also disclosed is a method of communicating data over the high availability industrial control system.