A Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) method comprises obtaining, by a network device, a mapping from a virtual local area network identifier VLAN ID to a VXLAN network identifier VNI; receiving, by the network device through a port, an Ethernet frame forwarded by an access device, where a VLAN tag field in the Ethernet frame includes the VLAN ID; adding, by the network device, a VXLAN header to the Ethernet frame based on the VLAN ID and the mapping to obtain a VXLAN packet, where a VNI field in the VXLAN header includes the VNI; and sending, by the network device, the VXLAN packet.

An apparatus includes a program instructing hardware and a computer readable storage medium coupled to the hardware and storing programming instructions for execution by the hardware. The programming instructions instruct the hardware to: receive a network device selection message sent by a first network device, where the network device selection message contains a virtual local area network (VLAN) mapping capability identifier of the first network device and a device identifier of the first network device; when determining that both the apparatus and the first network device have VLAN mapping capability according to local VLAN mapping capability and the VLAN mapping capability identifier of the first network device, select a network device for executing VLAN mapping according to sizes or a sequence of a local device identifier and the device identifier of the first network device.

A packet-transmission method, a local edge device and a machine-readable storage medium are provided. The method includes: receiving a first notification message from an opposite edge device, parsing out a first host route from the first notification message, and adding a first forwarding table entry to a software forwarding table, wherein the first forwarding table entry includes a correspondence between the first host route and an interface receiving the first notification message; inquiring, after receiving a packet, a hardware forwarding table according to a destination address of the packet, if there is no forwarding table entry matched with the destination address in the hardware forwarding table, inquiring the software forwarding table according to the destination address of the packet, if there is a forwarding table entry matched with the destination address in the software forwarding table, sending the packet according to the forwarding table entry matched with the destination address.

Techniques described herein relate to a method for generating a table for forwarding traffic between networks that are implemented using different types of control planes. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises: receiving a first route advertisement for a first network; extracting a first next hop identifier-multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) label combination; receiving another route advertisement for the first network; and in response to determining that a local label has not been assigned to the first next hop identifier-MPLS label combination: generating a first entry and adding the first entry to a forwarding table of the gateway device.

A proxy device coupled to a network receives communications between a client and a server on the network. The proxy device operates transparently to the client and the server, while coupled to receive and process the communications from a node on the network via a network port in a one-armed configuration, The proxy device communicates packets of the communications with an external tool coupled to the proxy device via a tool port and operates transparently to the nod and the tool. In certain embodiments, the tool may be a network security device, such as a firewall.

A communication system includes multiple servers each functioning as an active system or a standby system and a relay device that relays communication between a server of the active system and one or more client terminals operated by clients. Each of the servers includes a priority level determining unit that determines a priority level of each of the clients, a virtual port creating unit that creates, in the server, a virtual port corresponding to a virtual LAN assigned to each of the client terminals, and a communication processing unit (CPU) that instructs the relay device to change a destination of communication performed between the client terminal and the server to the virtual port. The CPU gives an instruction of change of the destination of the communication in order of highest to lowest priority level of the client when a malfunction occurs in another server of the active system.

An apparatus includes a memory configured to store labels of virtual private networks (VPNs) in a first local label space. The apparatus also includes a processor to assign a first label block identifier (LBI) to a first block of labels in the first local label space and assign a first tuple to a first VPN. The first tuple includes the first LBI and a first label index (LI) that indicates a location of a first label of the first VPN within the first block of labels. The apparatus also includes a transceiver configured to provide the first tuple to routers that allocate second blocks of labels from second local label spaces based on the first tuple. The second routers store the first label at locations in the second label spaces indicated by the first LI.

In one embodiment, a New Radio (NR) core network system comprises a set of network functions to: receive a request from a user equipment (UE) device comprising a virtual local area network data network name (VLAN DNN); determine whether the UE device is authorized to access a particular VLAN implemented on the core network and associated with the VLAN DNN; and cause a message comprising a VLAN identifier (VLAN ID) to be transmitted to the UE device based on a determination that the UE device is authorized to access the particular VLAN, wherein the VLAN ID corresponds to the particular VLAN.

A data communication network serves a user application in User Equipment (UE) over a Virtual Private Network (VPN) Gateway (GW), Application Function (AF), and Network Exposure Function (NEF). The user application in the UE transfers user data to a VPN application in the UE. The VPN application in the UE transfers the user data over a VPN to the VPN-GW for delivery to the NEF. The VPN-GW receives user data over the VPN and transfers the user data to the AF for delivery to the NEF. The AF receives the user data for delivery to the NEF and generates an Application Programming Interface (API) call with the user data. The AF transfers the API call to the NEF. The NEF receives the API call and responsively exposes the user data. The user data may comprise user signaling, and the UE may exchange user data with external systems over the VPN GW responsive to the user signaling.

A cloud-based system for making user data available on any platform device in a platform is provided. The cloud-based system comprises a cloud storage, and at least one user profile comprising the user data. In this context, the user data comprises data with respect to at least one measurement device and/or measurement site. Additionally, the at least one user profile is saved on the cloud storage.