A device may include a memory storing instructions and a processor configured to execute the instructions to identify a communication link between a first domain object and a second domain object; identify a first endpoint associated with the first domain object and a second endpoint associated with the second domain object; and determine a location relationship between the first endpoint and the second endpoint. The processor may be further configured to select a communication mechanism based on the determined location relationship; instruct the first endpoint to communicate with the second endpoint using the selected communication mechanism; and instruct the second endpoint to communicate with the first endpoint using the selected communication mechanism.

Traffic is processed in a virtualised environment comprising: (i) a physical underlay network; (ii) a first overlay network (an overlay of the physical underlay network and associated with a first set of network addresses, IP.sub.1); (iii) a second overlay network (an overlay of the first overlay network and associated with a second set of network addresses, IP.sub.2); and (iv) virtualised applications each having an execution environment and being associated with at least one network address in each of the first and second sets of network addresses, IP.sub.1 and IP.sub.2. In the execution environment of a first virtualised application: (i) traffic communicated from the first virtualised application to the first overlay network is encapsulated; and/or (ii) traffic communicated from the first overlay network to the first virtualised application is decapsulated. Tenant separation processing is performed outside the execution environments of the virtualised applications.

A packet transmission method, device, and system are disclosed, and pertain to the field of network technologies. The system includes a first network device in a VPLS network and a second network device in a VPWS network. The first network device determines, based on a destination address carried in a received first packet, a virtual port corresponding to the destination address in a VPLS instance of the first network device, and sends the first packet to a second VPWS instance in the second network device based on the virtual port, where the virtual port is used to indicate a first VPWS instance in the first network device, and the second VPWS instance and the first VPWS instance are VPWS instances used to bear a same service.

Top-of-rack (TOR) switches are connected to a network fabric of a data center. Each TOR switch corresponds to a respective rack of the data center, and is configured to provide access to the network fabric for computing devices mounted in the respective rack. A request is received, from a client device via a portal of the data center, to provide IP connectivity to one or more computing devices mounted in a rack. IP addresses are assigned that correspond to the IP connectivity. A virtual network is created in a network fabric of the data center. The created virtual network is associated with the assigned IP addresses. One or more of the TOR switches are configured to connect one or more ports of each respective TOR switch to the created virtual network.

In order to further facilitate implementation of communication of a C/U-plane via an intermediate node 200, a communication apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes: an information obtaining unit configured to obtain management information indicating correspondence relationship between an address of an intermediate node and an address of a radio unit performing radio frequency processing, the intermediate node being a node transmitting signals between the radio unit and a radio access network node communicating with one or more user equipments via the radio unit, the address of the intermediate node being used by the intermediate node to connect to the radio unit for communication of a control/user plane, the address of the radio unit being used by the radio unit to connect to the intermediate node for communication of the control/user plane; and a communication processing unit configured to transmit the management information to a controller controlling a configuration of the radio unit.

A system and method are disclosed for enabling interoperability between asymmetric and symmetric Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB) modes. A system is configured to receive a route advertisement, examine the label fields of the route advertisement, and determine whether Layer 2 or Layer 3 information is conveyed. The system is further configured to build a route advertisement to advertise to a second device based on whether Layer 2 or Layer 3 information is conveyed in the first route advertisement.

Techniques are described for facilitating node protection for Broadcast, unknown Unicast, and Multicast (BUM) traffic for a multi-homed node failure. For example, each VTEP (e.g., PE device) may advertise a protected VTEP address that indicates an IP address of a remote PE device that is to be protected in the event of a node failure. In the event a multi-homed PE device fails, the ingress PE device sends a BUM packet including the protected VTEP address for the failed node. When an egress PE device receives the BUM packet, the egress PE device determines whether the BUM packet includes the protected VTEP address and whether the egress PE device is operating as a backup designated forwarder (DF). If the BUM packet includes the protected VTEP address and the egress PE device is a backup DF, the egress PE device forwards the BUM traffic to the ESI.

Examples disclosed herein relate to a method comprising transmitting an ISID VLAN mapping request including a first plurality of ISID VLAN mappings and rejecting a first ISID VLAN mapping belonging to the plurality. The method comprises performing a recovery event, transmitting a mapping request message to the AAC in response to the recovery event and transmitting a second plurality of ISID VLAN mappings including the first ISID VLAN mapping. The method comprises validating first ISID VLAN mapping; and establishing network traffic between the AAS and the AAC for the first ISID VLAN mapping.

A logical router includes disaggregated network elements that function as a single router and that are not coupled to a common backplane. The logical router includes spine elements and leaf elements implementing a network fabric with front panel ports being defined by leaf elements. Control plane elements program the spine units and leaf to function a logical router. The control plane may define operating system interfaces mapped to front panel ports of the leaf elements and referenced by tags associated with packets traversing the logical router. Redundancy and checkpoints may be implemented for a route database implemented by the control plane elements. The logical router may include a standalone fabric and may implement label tables that are used to label packets according to egress port and path through the fabric.

Some embodiments provide a method for a set of central controllers that manages forwarding elements operating in a plurality of datacenters. The method receives a configuration for a bridge between (i) a logical L2 network that spans at least two datacenters and (ii) a physical L2 network. The configuration specifies a particular one of the datacenters for implementation of the bridge. The method identifies multiple managed forwarding elements that implement the logical L2 network and are operating in the particular datacenter. The method selects one of the identified managed forwarding elements to implement the bridge. The method distributes bridge configuration data to the selected managed forwarding element.