In one example, receiver circuitry for a communication system comprises signal processing circuitry configured to receive a data signal and generate a processed data signal, and error slicer circuitry. The error slicer circuitry is coupled to the output of the signal processing circuitry, and configured to receive the processed data signal. The error slicer circuitry comprises a first error slicer configured to receive a clock signal, and output a first error signal based on a first state of the clock signal and processed data signal. The first error slicer is further configured to output a second error signal based on a second state of the clock signal and the processed data signal.

A base station apparatus provided with a function of performing communication using multiple beams implements appropriate beamforming while reducing interference power, thereby communication quality becomes stable and frequency efficiency or throughput is improved. The base station apparatus according to the present invention is a base station apparatus for communicating with a terminal apparatus, the base station apparatus including: a transmitter configured to transmit a synchronization signal block including a synchronization signal in a prescribed transmission window; and a controller configured to configure a size of the prescribed transmission window in which the synchronization signal block is transmitted, in which the transmitter notifies the terminal apparatus of information associated with QCL between two of the synchronization signal blocks transmitted in the prescribed transmission window.

MicroLEDs may be used for short-range optical communications. Signal equalization may be used to decrease distortion in transmitted and/or received information, including with the use of multi-level modulation formats.

A wireless communication system includes a first communication device and a second communication device. The first communication device includes a modulator configured to provide modulation and a first coupler configured to wirelessly transmit a signal. The second communication device includes a second coupler configured to wirelessly receive a signal by being coupled to the first coupler by at least one of electric-field coupling or magnetic-field coupling and a demodulator configured to provide demodulation. The first communication device or the second communication device includes an equalizer configured to provide equalization.

An operation method of a receiving apparatus may comprise: receiving an N-th data block belonging to a frame including a plurality of data blocks from a transmitting apparatus, each of the plurality of data blocks including a data period and a UW period; storing a first UW received in a UW period of the N-th data block in a buffer; receiving an (N+1)-th data block belonging to the frame from the transmitting apparatus; estimating a phase noise in a time domain by combining the first UW with a second UW received in a UW period of the (N+1)-th data block; and applying time-domain compensation according to the estimated phase noise to the (N+1)-th data block, and demodulating data of the (N+1)-th data block, wherein the first UW and the second UW are configured with a same sequence.

A method for estimating a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at a receiver of a wireless communication system OFDM signals may include: determining an estimate ŝ.sub.serving of the signal power of a serving cell of the communication system based on the channel impulse response estimated for the serving cell, determining an estimate ŝ.sub.interfering of the signal power of one or more interfering cells of the communication system based on the channel impulse response estimated for the one or more interfering cells, and determining an estimate of the SINR based on the determined estimate of the signal power of the serving cell and the determined estimate of the signal power of the one or more interfering cells. A Method for equalization of received symbols at a receiver of a wireless communication system using OFDM signals may include: determining an equalizer filter and applying the equalizer filter onto the received signal for equalization of the signal, wherein the equalizer filter is determined in the time domain based on an estimated channel impulse response, an estimated noise covariance and an estimated received symbol covariance.

Provided is a reception device and a communication system. The reception device includes a compensation circuit connected to a transmission line that is connected to each of a plurality of transmission devices. The compensation circuit compensates a plurality of data signals received from the plurality of transmission devices, respectively, in time division. The reception device further includes an adjustment circuit that adjusts operation of the compensation circuit based on a plurality of training signals received from the plurality of transmission devices.

A digital signal processing (DSP) device includes a first fitter to equalize channel dispersion associated with signal transmission through a medium, a second filter to cancel channel reflections, and a third filter to at least reduce noise. The DSP device is a receiver DSP of the SERDES.

An analog-to-digital conversion circuit includes; a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a second ADC and a third ADC collectively configured to perform conversion operations according to a time-interleaving technique, and a timing calibration circuit configured to calculate correlation values and determine differences between the correlation values using first samples generated by the first ADC, second samples generated by the second ADC, and third samples generated by the third ADC during sampling periods, wherein the timing calibration circuit is further configured to control a phase of a clock signal applied to the second ADC in response to a change in absolute value related to the differences generated during the sampling periods.

The present invention is to generate a spatially phase modulated electron wave. A laser radiating apparatus, a spatial light phase modulator, and a photocathode are provided. The photocathode has a semiconductor film having an NEA film formed on a surface thereof, and a thickness of the semiconductor film is smaller than a value obtained by multiplying a coherent relaxation time of electrons in the semiconductor film by a moving speed of the electrons in the semiconductor film. According to the configuration, a spatial distribution of phase and a spatial distribution of intensity of spatial phase modulated light are transferred to an electron wave, and the electron wave emitted from an NEA film is modulated into the spatial distribution of phase and the spatial distribution of intensity of the light. Since the spatial distribution of phase of the light can be modulated as intended by a spatial phase modulation technique for light, it is possible to generate an electron wave having a spatial distribution of phase modulated as intended.