A method for an end-to-end system for channel estimation includes obtaining data associated with a communication system. The communication system comprises a receiver, a transmitter, and a communication channel. A neural network is trained that models the communication channel of the communication system and this training is based on inputting the obtained data into the neural network and using a decoder. The neural network produces an output indicating a probability of a signal from the communication channel. The trained neural network is used for decoding information from the communication channel.

Methods and apparatuses for direct sequence detection can receive an input signal over a communication channel. Next, the input signal can be sampled based on a clock signal to obtain a sampled voltage. A set of reference voltages can be generated based on a main cursor, a set of pre-cursors, and a set of post-cursors associated with the communication channel. Each generated reference voltage in the set of reference voltages can correspond to a particular sequence of symbols. A sequence corresponding to the sampled voltage can be selected based on comparing the sampled voltage with the set of reference voltages.

An apparatus includes an equalization circuit, an error prediction circuit, a sequence estimation circuit, and a selection circuit. The equalization circuit is configured to generate a first data sequence and a first equalized signal from an input signal received through a channel. The error prediction circuit is configured to predict an error based on the first equalized signal when the error is predicted. When the error is predicted, the sequence estimation circuit is configured to generate a second data sequence from the first data sequence and the predicted error. The selection circuit is configured to output the second data sequence when the predicted error is determined to be an actual error and to otherwise output the first data sequence.

An adaptive equalizer, includes a sample buffer; and a processor coupled to the sample buffer and configured to: perform an adaptive equalization on data which has been fractionally sampled at a sampling rate higher than once a symbol rate and lower than twice the symbol rate, determine an initial value of a tap coefficient of the adaptive equalizer by using a training sequence inserted in the data, shift, by a predetermined shift amount, a sample point of one pattern from among two consecutive patterns included in the training sequence, specify a position of the training sequence in the data by replacing an original sample value with a sample value at the shifted sample point, and update the initial value of the tap coefficient based on the specified training sequence.

Methods and apparatuses for direct sequence detection can receive an input signal over a communication channel. Next, the input signal can be sampled based on a clock signal to obtain a sampled voltage. A set of reference voltages can be generated based on a main cursor, a set of pre-cursors, and a set of post-cursors associated with the communication channel. Each generated reference voltage in the set of reference voltages can correspond to a particular sequence of symbols. A sequence corresponding to the sampled voltage can be selected based on comparing the sampled voltage with the set of reference voltages.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as long-term evolution (LTE). An operating method of a reception device in a wireless communication system includes: receiving a signal transmitted through a plurality of antennas of a transmission device; determining an initial symbol vector based on the signal; determining a first candidate symbol vector based on a plurality of solution vectors which are obtained by a search on the initial symbol vector; determining a second candidate symbol vector by flipping at least one symbol value of the first candidate symbol vector; and determining a symbol vector transmitted from the transmission device based on at least a portion of the second candidate symbol vector.

Deterioration of convergence performance or operational stability due to an increase in constraint length is suppressed when coefficients are updated, so that decoding performance is improved. A decoding device according to the present technology includes an adaptive equalization unit that performs adaptive equalization, an adaptive maximum likelihood decoding unit that causes an identification point of maximum likelihood decoding to adaptively follow a characteristic of an input signal, a target waveform generation unit that, by convoluting a partial response coefficient into a decoded value, generates an equalization target waveform of the adaptive equalization which is performed by the adaptive equalization unit, an error signal generation unit that generates, as an equalization error signal, an error signal between the equalization target waveform and an equalized signal, and a coefficient updating unit that, through least-square-method computation for minimizing a correlation between the decoded value and the equalization error signal, updates the partial response coefficient which is used by the target waveform generation unit to generate the equalization target waveform.

LMS adaption systems and methods disclosed herein adaptively switch between modes of operation that selectively avoid using the imaginary part of an error signal, in effect, allowing for an LMS adaption that switches between utilizing only the real part of the error signal and utilizing the full complex error signal. Various embodiments take advantage of this added flexibility by implementing a dynamic power saving scheme that, for example, during times when high tracking performance (e.g., high accuracy or high SNR) is not needed, saves power by not energizing a number of multiplier and adder circuits that are expensive in terms of power consumption, thereby, trading power savings for a possible temporary reduction in tracking performance. In embodiments, power savings are accomplished by adaptive power-gating systems and methods that in parts of an analog LMS adaption circuit turn on and off current sources in analog multiplier circuits on demand.

Receivers and receiving methods having maximum likelihood sequence detection with pseudo partial response equalization. One illustrative receiver includes: a feedforward equalizer that produces an equalized receive signal by diminishing a receive signal's intersymbol interference; a decision element that derives initial symbol decisions from samples of the equalized receive signal; and a filter that applies a partial response to the equalized receive signal or to an equalization error signal to produce input for a maximum likelihood sequence detector (MLSD). The MLSD may be a reduced complexity detector that derives a final sequence of symbol decisions by evaluating state metrics only for each initial symbol decision and its competing symbol decision.

An adaptive equalizer, includes a sample buffer; and a processor coupled to the sample buffer and configured to: perform an adaptive equalization on data which has been fractionally sampled at a sampling rate higher than once a symbol rate and lower than twice the symbol rate, determine an initial value of a tap coefficient of the adaptive equalizer by using a training sequence inserted in the data, shift, by a predetermined shift amount, a sample point of one pattern from among two consecutive patterns included in the training sequence, specify a position of the training sequence in the data by replacing an original sample value with a sample value at the shifted sample point, and update the initial value of the tap coefficient based on the specified training sequence.