An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: determine (1006) whether at least one transport block has been successfully delivered to another apparatus; and determine (1008, 1010, 1012) whether to use the at least one transport block to scramble at least one subsequent transport block based on whether the at least one transport block has been successfully delivered to the apparatus.

A method includes generating a data signal based on data, scrambling the data signal with a pseudo-random signal thereby generating a scrambled data signal, generating an amplitude shift keying (ASK) signal based on the scrambled data signal, and transmitting, by a transceiver, the ASK signal.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems (e.g., non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems), a base station may serve a large number of user equipments (UEs) on the uplink. To improve detectability for these uplink transmissions (e.g., if reference signals are not available for the transmissions), the UEs may implement parallel transmissions of preambles with uplink data. A UE may split the uplink data into one or more data layers, and may select one or more preamble layers to transmit superposed with the data layers. These preambles may be sequences known to both the UE and the base station to aid in detectability. The UE may assign different signature sequences to each of these layers based on cross-correlation values (e.g., assigning sequences with higher cross-correlation values to the data layers for improved detectability), and may scramble the layers into a single shared signal for transmission.

A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a network node, a message indicating slots for transmitting a transport block on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The method also includes segmenting the transport block into code blocks. The method further includes encoding the code blocks to produce encoded code blocks. Each code block may be encoded at a coding path from a group of coding paths associated with a coding chain. The method still further includes transmitting the encoded code blocks in the slots on the PUSCH.

A base station may determine an SS block index associated with an SS block for transmission, and may scramble information based on at least a portion of the determined SS block index. The information may include at least one of a reference signal, data, paging information, control information, broadcast information, or a CRC associated with control information. The base station may transmit the SS block and scrambled information to a UE. A UE may receive an SS block and information scrambled based on at least a portion of an SS block index associated with the SS block. The information may include at least one of a reference signal, data, paging information, control information, broadcast information, or a CRC associated with control information. The UE may descramble the scrambled information based on the at least the portion of the SS block index.

This application provides example scrambling-based data transmission methods and apparatuses. A scrambling manner is determined based on a sending waveform. The scrambling manner can include frequency domain scrambling, time domain scrambling, or time-frequency domain scrambling. To-be-scrambled data can be scrambled based on the scrambling manner, to obtain scrambled output data. The scrambled output data can be sent. The sending waveform can be a discrete Fourier transform spreading orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.

A terminal apparatus includes: a monitor unit configured to monitor a first PDCCH candidate with aggregation level 8 and a second PDCCH candidate with aggregation level 16 in a CORESET mapped to one OFDM symbol; and a receiver configured to receive a PDSCH, by assuming that a symbol of the PDSCH is mapped to a resource element that is not overlapping the second PDCCH candidate, based on a PDCCH detected in the first PDCCH candidate, the PDCCH scheduling the PDSCH, wherein a CCE that constitutes the first PDCCH candidate and has a lowest index is identical to a CCE that constitutes the second PDCCH candidate and has a lowest index, and a plurality of the CCEs constituting the CORESET each include six contiguous REGs in a frequency domain.

High-speed communication links with self-aligned scrambling on a communication link that sends scrambled signals may include a slave device that may self-align by initially detecting an unscrambled preamble symbol and more particularly detect an edge of the unscrambled preamble symbol. Based on the detected edge, a fine alignment adjustment may be made by testing subsequent scrambled data for a repeated pattern such as an IDLE symbol by comparing the repeated pattern to a candidate scrambled sequence that has been received through the communication link. The comparison may use an exclusive OR (XOR) circuit on some bits to derive a scrambler seed that is used to test for a match for the remaining bits. If there is a match, the scrambler seed and frame alignment have been detected and alignment is achieved.

A method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving reference signals for sidelink communication are provided. The operation method of a first terminal includes receiving a message including a first DMRS scrambling identifier for sidelink communication from a base station and calculating a first DMRS sequence based on the first DMRS scrambling identifier. Additionally, the method includes transmitting SCI and a first DMRS generated based on the first DMRS sequence to a second terminal.

This application discloses a data transmission method that includes: scrambling to-be-transmitted data, to obtain scrambled data; and sending the scrambled data to a receive device. The initialization bits of a scrambler used to scramble the data include a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence. The first bit sequence is carried in a service field of the to-be-transmitted data, the second bit sequence reuses a bit in a signal field of a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), and the quantity of the initialization bits is equal to the order of the scrambler. In embodiments of this application, when the transmit device and the receive device use the scrambler with a higher order than that in the conventional technology, the initialization bits of the scrambler are based on bits in an existing service field used for data scrambling and reused bits in some signal fields.