A method for processing data packets in a communication network includes establishing a path for a flow of the data packets through the communication network. At a node along the path having a plurality of aggregated ports, a port is selected from among the plurality to serve as part of the path. A label is chosen responsively to the selected port. The label is attached to the data packets in the flow at a point on the path upstream from the node. Upon receiving the data packets at the node, the data packets are switched through the selected port responsively to the label.

The disclosure provides methods, systems, and computer readable media for calibrating user responses to questions. The method may comprise presenting, with the aid of a computer system and an interactive display operatively coupled to the computer system, a query to a user. The query may relate to the user's dietary consumption, exercise, health condition or mental condition. The system may receive from the user a response to the query. The system may interpret a user's response to a query based on a set of reference information. The set of reference information may comprise a pictorial depiction of portion size of the dietary consumption, exertion level of the exercise, existing state of the health condition or existing state of the mental condition.

An aggregated switch path optimization system includes first and second switch devices. An aggregated third switch device is coupled to the first switch device, the second switch device, and an aggregated fourth switch device. The aggregated third switch device forwards those packets from the first switch device via one of: an ICL to the aggregated fourth switch device, and a link to the second switch device. The aggregated third switch device then monitors a usage of the ICL and the availability of the link to the second switch device. In response to the usage of the ICL exceeding a threshold usage level, or an unavailability of the link to the second switch device, the aggregated third switch device transmits a packet redirection message to the first switch device that causes it to redirect packets away from the aggregated third switch device and towards the aggregated fourth switch device.

In general, techniques are described for signaling IP path tunnels for traffic engineering using constraints in an IP network. For example, network devices, e.g., routers, of an IP network may compute an IP path using constraint information and establish the IP path using, for example, Resource Reservation Protocol, to signal the IP path without using MPLS. As one example, the egress router generates a path reservation signaling message that includes an egress IP address that is assigned for use by the routers on the IP path to send traffic of the data flow by encapsulating the traffic with the egress IP address and forwarding toward the egress router. As each router in the IP path receives the path reservation signaling message, the router configures a forwarding state to forward traffic encapsulated with the egress IP address to a next hop along the IP path toward the egress router.

A link protection method in a software-defined networking (SDN), a corresponding switching device and network controller, where the method includes receiving, by a first switching device in the SDN, first information from a network controller in the SDN and link protection information, where the first information establishes a communication link between the first switching device and a destination device, and the link protection information instructs the first switching device to proactively perform primary-to-secondary link switching when a link is faulty, establishing, by the first switching device, the communication link with the destination device according to the first information, and determining, by the first switching device according to the link protection information, that the first switching device proactively performs the primary-to-secondary link switching.

A reservation request is received for a data transport session. The reservation request contains a requested class of communication service through the asynchronous network. The state of the network along the route is then preferably determined and at least one end-to-end route through the network is obtained. The route is based on the requested class of communication service and the state of the network. The data transport session is then controlled, such that data is forced to travel along at least one route through the asynchronous network. This is preferably done by controlling multiple data controllers dispersed along the at least one route by mapping specific data protocols to specific routes, or mapping specific data protocols to specific ports in each data controller. If a state of the asynchronous network indicates that the route cannot transport data in conformity to the class of communication service, then the route is changed to a backup route through the network.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for processing service data. The method includes: receiving an uplink service flow, wherein the uplink service flow includes a first tunnel identifier and a destination address; determining a first tunnel mapping table corresponding to the first tunnel identifier, wherein the first tunnel mapping table includes the first tunnel identifier, one or more second tunnel identifiers corresponding to the first tunnel identifier, and one or more service addresses corresponding to each of the second tunnel identifiers; searching a service address the same as the destination address from the first tunnel mapping table; determining the second tunnel identifier of the uplink service flow based on the destination address if the searching is failed; and transmitting the uplink service flow to a service anchor corresponding to the second tunnel identifier of the uplink service flow.

A first network device permits a bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) session with a second network device. The first network device is a designated forwarder for a third network device, a first link is provided between the first network device and the third network device, the second network device is a backup designated forwarder for the third network device, a second link is provided between the second network device and the third network device. The first network device detects a link failure associated with the first link between the first network device and the third network device, and provides, via the BFD session, a BFD message to the second network device. The BFD message includes an indication of the link failure, and the BFD message is to cause the second network device to be a new designated forwarder for the third network device.

The disclosure provides methods, systems, and computer readable media for calibrating user responses to questions. The method may comprise presenting, with the aid of a computer system and an interactive display operatively coupled to the computer system, a query to a user. The query may relate to the user's dietary consumption, exercise, health condition or mental condition. The system may receive from the user a response to the query. The system may interpret a user's response to a query based on a set of reference information. The set of reference information may comprise a pictorial depiction of portion size of the dietary consumption, exertion level of the exercise, existing state of the health condition or existing state of the mental condition.

According to one embodiment, a system for hybrid communication between electronic circuits is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of sensor nodes configured to read data from one or more sensors. The system also includes a master node configured to receive periodic data transmissions from each of the plurality of sensor nodes via a primary transmission medium and a secondary transmission medium, which is different from the primary transmission medium.