Systems, methods, and devices for routing data in a network are described. A user device may send a request for video data that has been captured by a premises device. A computing device at the premises may receive the request and determine a capability of the user device. Based on the capability of the user device, the computing device may select a protocol from a plurality of protocols with which the video data is to be transmitted to the user device. Based on determining that the video data cannot be transmitted via the computing device, the video data may be transmitted from the premises device to the user device via the determined protocol.

Systems, methods, and apparatus to identify media presentation devices are disclosed. An example method includes associating a domain name service query received at a pseudo DNS server with a media exposure measurement location based on a public Internet Protocol address of the received domain name service query, wherein the pseudo DNS server does not provide domain name-to-IP address translation, and wherein the pseudo DNS server is to receive the domain name service query and transmit a redirect message identifying a conventional DNS server. The example method further includes crediting the media exposure measurement location with accessing media identified based on the domain name service query.

Systems, methods, and apparatus to identify media presentation devices are disclosed. An example method includes associating a domain name service query received at a pseudo DNS server with a media exposure measurement location based on a public Internet Protocol address of the received domain name service query, wherein the pseudo DNS server does not provide domain name-to-IP address translation, and wherein the pseudo DNS server is to receive the domain name service query and transmit a redirect message identifying a conventional DNS server. The example method further includes crediting the media exposure measurement location with accessing media identified based on the domain name service query.

Apparatus and methods are disclosed for client-based control of revising caller identifications (IDs) for communications between a private network and a public network. An apparatus including a telecommunications-providing server and processing circuit that communicates client-specific sets of data over an interface protocol. The telecommunications-providing server revises a caller ID for a VoIP call based on the client-specific sets of data, an identifier that corresponds to a requesting endpoint, and a geographic region determined from the call request. Further, the telecommunications-providing server causes control data to be sent to activate an analog-telephone bridging circuit and redirect the VoIP call by obtaining a dial tone and passes at least a subset of the data packet through the analog-telephone bridging circuit for connecting over the local line. The subset of the data packet includes the revised caller ID which is a local number identified by the determined geographic region.

Apparatus and methods are disclosed for client-based control of revising caller identifications (IDs) for communications between a private network and a public network. An apparatus including a telecommunications-providing server and processing circuit that communicates client-specific sets of data over an interface protocol. The telecommunications-providing server revises a caller ID for a VoIP call based on the client-specific sets of data, an identifier that corresponds to a requesting endpoint, and a geographic region determined from the call request. Further, the telecommunications-providing server causes control data to be sent to activate an analog-telephone bridging circuit and redirect the VoIP call by obtaining a dial tone and passes at least a subset of the data packet through the analog-telephone bridging circuit for connecting over the local line. The subset of the data packet includes the revised caller ID which is a local number identified by the determined geographic region.

The present invention provides a network system of a railcar, the network system being capable of efficiently performing maintenance work. One example of the network system of the railcar of the present invention includes: intra-car networks (N1 to N3) to which first and second apparatuses are connected; an inter-car network (NA) for transmission of information between the apparatuses mounted on different cars; routers (R1 to R3) each provided and connected between the corresponding intra-car network (N1 to N3) and the inter-car network (NA) and each including a network address translation portion configured to mutually convert a private address of the first apparatus and an IP address of the inter-car network (NA); and a maintenance transmission path forming unit configured to form a transmission path through which the transmission and reception of the information are performed between a maintenance terminal (5) and a maintenance target apparatus selected from the first and second apparatuses, the transmission path not passing through the network address translation portion of the car on which the maintenance target apparatus is mounted.

A method is provided in one example embodiment and includes configuring on a network element a first tunnel from the network element to a first network, wherein the configuring comprises mapping a nexthop address of the local network element to a transport address of the tunnel on the network to create a first nexthop-to-transport mapping for the network element; and advertising the first nexthop-to-transport mapping along with routing information for the network element to remote network elements.

A method for profiling network traffic. The method includes capturing, from the network traffic using a packet capturing device, a plurality of packets, identifying a first portion of the plurality of packets as a first flow based at least on a common Internet Protocol (IP) address assigned to each packet of the first flow by a network address translation (NAT) device, extracting, by a hardware processor separate from the NAT device and based on an NAT profile of the NAT device, a first data item from the first flow, wherein the first data item is inserted into the first flow by the NAT device for identifying a first host device coupled to the NAT device, and determining, by the hardware processor based on the first data item, that the first flow is generated by the first host device.

Techniques for utilizing multiple network interfaces for a cloud shell are provided. The techniques include receiving, by a computer system, a command to execute an operation by the computer system, the command being received from a router via a primary virtual network interface card (vNIC). The computer system may execute the operation, generating an output of the operation. The techniques also include transmitting, by the computer system, a message comprising the output of the operation to a shell subnet via a secondary vNIC, the secondary vNIC being configured for unidirectional transmission from the computer system to the shell subnet. The shell subnet may be configured to transmit the output of the operation to an external network via a network gateway.

A communication method is provided. The method includes transmitting a network address assignment request to the network address translation entity after establishing a general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) tunnel between the first user-plane function entity and the second user-plane function entity, such that the network address translation entity assigns a network address to the GTP tunnel, notifying the network address assigned by the network address translation entity to the GTP tunnel to the central data network, controlling a data packet to be transmitted by the edge service node to the central data network to be transmitted through the GTP tunnel, the network address translation entity replacing a source address of the data packet with the network address, and transmitting the data packet to the central data network after the data packet arrives at the network address translation entity.